Fluid/Electrolyte/Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Hyponatremia

Fluid and dietary management

Answer 1

Fluids and foods high in sodium

Fluids are often restricted if pt has fluid overload

Question 2

What are the main priorities for someone with hyponatremia?

Answer 2

Restoring sodium and water balance;

Preventing cerebral edema

Question 3

NANDA Diagnoses for patient with Hyponatremia

Answer 3

Risk for: Imbalanced fluid volume, ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion

Question 4

Serum sodium level for patient with hypernatremia

Answer 4

Greater than 145 mEq/L

Question 5

Cause of Hypernatremia

Answer 5

Excessive water loss

Excessive sodium intake

Question 6

Manifestations of patient with hypernatremia

Answer 6

Thirst,
Altered neurologic function
Can progress to seizures, coma, and death

Question 7

Diagnosis of hypernatremia

Answer 7

Serum sodium and osmolality

Question 8

Medications to treat hypernatremia

Answer 8

Oral, enteral, or IV fluid replacement

Question 9

Normal Level

Potassium

Answer 9

3.5-5.3 mEq/L

Question 10

Functions of Potassium

Answer 10

Nerve Impulses;
Cardiac Rhythms;
Muscle contractions

Question 11

What does potassium regulate

Answer 11

Sodium-potassium pump

Kidneys and aldosterone

Question 12

Hypokalemia

Definition

Answer 12

Low serum potassium

Question 13

Serum potassium level

Hypokalemia

Answer 13

Less than 3.5 mEq/L

Question 14

Manifestations of Hypokalemia

Answer 14

Nausea & Vomiting;
Muscle weakness;
Cramps; Decreased cardiac output;
Polyuria