Fluid Disturbances And Hemodynamics Flashcards
Define edema
Abnormal increase in ISF within tissues;
•Hydrothorax
•Hydroperitoneum
•Hydropericardium
Anasarca is a severe and generalized edema with widespread subcutaneous tissue swelling
True or false
True
Edema results when there is ❓
⬆️hydrostatic pressure ⬇️colloid osmotic pressure •Lymphatic obstruction •Sodium & water retention •Inflammation
Mention a few causes of ⬆️hydrostatic pressure
- Impaired venous return
- Congestive heart failure
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Ascites
•Venous obstruction/compression;
Thrombosis
External pressure
Lower extremity inactivity
•Arteriolar dilation
Heat
Neurohormonal dysregulation
Mention a few causes of ⬇️plasma osmotic pressure
- protein-losing glomerulopathies(nephrotic syndrome)
- liver cirrhosis(ascites)
- malnutrition
- protein-losing gastroenteropathy
Mention a few causes of lymphatic obstruction
Inflammation
Neoplastic
Post-surgical
Post-irradiation
Mention a few causes of sodium retention
Excessive salt intake with renal insufficiency
⬆️tubular reabsorption of sodium
- renal hypoperfusion
- ⬆️RAASecretion
Mention a few causes of lymphatic obstruction
- Chronic inflammation with fibrosis
- Malignant tumors
- Radiation damage
- Infectious agents i.e. filariasis
- Disruption of lymph nodes due to surgery
Microscopic appearance of edema
Clearing and separation of the extracellular matrix and cell swelling
Edema is commonly seen in which organs?
Subcutaneous tissue, lungs and the brain
Edema as a result of renal dysfunction can not affect all parts of the body
True or false
False
A characteristic finding in several renal disease in terms of edema is ❓
Periorbital edema.
A short description of pulmonary edema
- Lungs are double/triple sized
* Section will show a frothy, blood-tingled fluid(mixture of air, edema and extravasated RBCs)
Generalized brain edema presents with distended gyri and narrowed sulci
True or false
True
Pulmonary edema is frequently seen in which heart disease?
Left ventricular failure
Can also be seen in:
Renal failure
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Pulmonary inflammation/infection
