Fluid composition

Question 1

Solution

Answer 1

Any homogenous mixture
usually in liquid state

Question 2

Solvent

Answer 2

A substance whose physical state is preserved when a solution is formed.

OR the substance present in the larger amount ex. water

Question 3

Solute

Answer 3

A substance whose physical state is changed when a solution is formed. Ex. NaCl

Question 4

Intracellular vs. extracellular environments

Answer 4

Intracellular- solution inside the cell
Extracellular- solution outside the cell

Question 5

Breakdown of the total body water

Answer 5

Total body water = 60%

Intracelluar fluid (ICF) = 40%
Extracellular fluid (ECF) = 20%

ECF made up of:
Interstitial fluid (ICF) = 15%
Plasma = 5%
Transcellular fluid = varies (ex. urine in bladder)

Question 6

Ion distribution in ICF and ECF

Answer 6

ECF: Higher levels of Na and Cl

ICF: higher levels of K

Question 7

Electroneutrality

Answer 7

Any part of our body should always have an equal number of positive and negative charges. So if a negative charge comes in, a positive charge must go out.

Question 8

Plasma concentration (solutes)

Answer 8

Plasma = 91% water
Solutes= 9% (2% salt, 7% proteins)

Question 9

Dissociable vs. non-dissociable solutes

Answer 9

Dissociable- able to be separated which is why they are used in IV fluids Ex. NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate)

Non-dissociable- not able to be separated.
Ex. glucose, urea, albumin

Question 10

Valence charge of ions

Answer 10

Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-

Question 11

Molarity (M)

Answer 11

number of moles of solute in 1L of solution

Question 12

Molality (m)

Answer 12

Number of moles of solute in 1kg of solvent

Question 13

Percent weight Volume (%w/v)

Answer 13

Number of grams of solute in 100mL of solution

Question 14

Osmolarity (Osm)

Answer 14

number of osmoles (osmotically active solute) in 1L solution

Question 15

Osmolality (Osm/kg)

Answer 15

Number of osmoles (osmotically active solute) in 1kg of solvent

Question 16

Equivalents (equiv, Eq) = Eq/L

Answer 16

number of osmoles of an ion, multiplied by the valence of that ion in 1L of solution. Used for electrolyte solutions.