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med-surg quiz 1 > fluid balance , electrolytes > Flashcards

fluid balance , electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

when you have too much fluid volume what is the complcation as far as respiratory ?

A

pulmonary edema

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2
Q

what is fluid volume excess ?

A

hypervolemia

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3
Q

when ylu have too much fluid volume in the body , where does it go first ?

A

lungs

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4
Q

if you going to give medication to correct fluid volume excess, how do you know its working ?

A

daily weight , at the same time daily ,

intake and output

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5
Q

a patient that is disoriented but dehydrated , how do you give the patient fluid other than I.V or oral

A

pace it , don’t give it to them all at the same time , cause the patient can aspirate

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6
Q

if you going to give and I v fluid , which cause fluid volume excess what are the symptoms

A

edema

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7
Q

what do you see right away to let you know the patient the patient is getting too much volume ?

A

rapid respiratory
difficulty breathing
high blood pressure
pounding headache

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8
Q

how do you know once you get the patient pain medication that its working ?

A

the patient tells you

the states that they are feeling better

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9
Q

what is venous stasis ?

A

pooling of the blood

can lead to clotting

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10
Q

How do you minimize the effect of venous stasis ?

A

Turn pt q2hrs

ambulated pt

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11
Q

When you have fluid volume excess , how does the skin feel ?

A

Tight and shiny

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12
Q

How do you destroy spores ?

A

Heat ( autoclave )

At high temperature for a long time

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13
Q

What happens if you have low postassium , what s/s do you experience ?

A

Muscle twitching

Muscle weekness

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14
Q

When you are infected with a wound , what isolation would you be in …

A

Contact

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15
Q

When you are coughing , what type of isolation will you be in

A

Airborne

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16
Q

If you have feces or vomiting , what kind of isolation will you be in

A

Contact or interic isolation

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17
Q

If the patient has HIV , what type of isolation will you be in

A

Universal precaution

Contact or reverse isolation

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18
Q

Would has eviscerated , what do you do ?

A

Moisten a clot with normal saline , and cover

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19
Q

Patient is alert and oriented , and we’re trying to find out , what pain the patient have , what scale do you use

A

Scale 1-10

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20
Q

Why do you keep a patient NPO before surgery ?

A

To prevent aspiration

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21
Q

After surgery and second post op your allowed to eat , what should you include in your diet

A

Protein for healing

Carbs for energyv

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22
Q

What happens when you are dehydrated , you urine output will

A

Decrease

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23
Q

Which buffer system works in seconds , or most rapidly .. The first buffer

A

Blood buffer or buffer system

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24
Q

Which buffer system takes seconds to hours

A

Respiratory

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25
Q

Which one takes days and is laid back

A

Kidneys

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26
Q

Body fluids where are they located

A

Intracellular & extracellular

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27
Q

Most of the body fluid in located

A

Within the cell Intracellular

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28
Q

Which electrolyte is found predominantly Intracellular

A

Postassium

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29
Q

Which electrolyte is found extracellular

A

Sodium

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30
Q

When sodium leaves the bodyb, what follows it

A

Water

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31
Q

When we are looking at the buffer system , we’re looking at alkalosis and acidosis

A

Acidosis - hydrogen ion

Alkalosis - bicarbonate

32
Q

To maintain acid - base balance and you are more acidtic , what do you need

A

Bicarbonate - alkaline

33
Q

If you have alkalosis and your trying to be more acidic you going to need more

A

Hydrogen -acid

34
Q

What is purulent ?

A

Infection
Pus
Foul smell

35
Q

Anything that goes wrong with potassium , which system does it affect first

A

The heart

36
Q

If you have too much potassium or too low you can go into

A

Cardiac arrest

37
Q

What is the normal PH in your blood

A

7.35-7.45

38
Q

What is peristalsis ? And how do you get it to work ?

A

Bowel

By moving around

39
Q

If you have a peristalsis ileus … Second day post - op , how do you correct it
If a patient just got out of surgery how do you get it to work ?

A

Ambulatory (walking )

Leg excersize

40
Q

A sign that surgery is going wrong is

A

Hemmorage

V/S

41
Q

Signs and symptoms of Hemmorage are

A

High heart rate
B/p
Brain / confused
Agitated

42
Q

What are streptococcus or staphacoccus

A

Bacterial infection

43
Q

Bacterial infection you get from the hospital

A

Novoscomial infection

44
Q

What is the simple thing you do , when you walk into a room and the patient is in respiratory distress

A

First thing to do is sit the patient up

Do not leave the pt alone

45
Q

When do you put on oxygen ?

A

Emergency
2 liters only
If you need face mask you need doctors orders

46
Q

Patient on low sodium diet

A

No processed good
No can food
No seafood

47
Q

What are s/s of pulmonary embolism ?

A 
Fast breathing 
Difficulty breathing gasping for air 
Gasping for air 
Cyanosis (blue ) 
Heart rate going up
48
Q

How do you prevent respiratory infection post surgical procedure

A

Cough and deep breathing

49
Q

patient is going to surgery , we need to obtain a consent , as part to f the nursing responsibility , what are your responsible for

A

witnessing the signature of the patient

sign , date and time

50
Q

if you go into isolation and patient is throwing up , its going to splatter , what type if gear should you wear

A

everything -PPE

GOOGLES , GLOVES , MASK , GOWN

51
Q

where is most of the acid located in the body

A

stomach

52
Q

after surgery , your suctioning what are you suctioning out and what is lefted in the body

A

acid

bicarb-alkalosis

53
Q

when it has to do with the whole body it is

A

metabolic

54
Q

patient came from surgery , in surgery patient t coded , patient went in with a fractured hip , when the patient comes out the first thing you want to know is

A

is the patient breathing

patent airway

55
Q

what is the purpose of a spirometer , what does it do ?

A

lung capacity

it gives maximum lung inflation

56
Q

how do you prevent pneumonia

A

keep the lungs pliable

57
Q

what is a natural response of stress , what is the first thing you do when you are stressed out

A

you have anxiety

58
Q

the body response to threat is

A

fight or flight response , which is a release of epinephrine

59
Q

when you fist go into shock or you are bleeding to death the first thing you going to see is

A

increased heart rate _ tachycardia

b/p goes down

60
Q

if you have impaired gas exchange what should you do with patient lungs

A
  • check patient lungs sounds

- cough and deep breathing

61
Q

when you first gointo the room you know the patient has a history of chronic pain , the patient is agitated and moving around , what should you do first

A

investigate - ask the patient whats wrong

do and assessment

62
Q

when youre in a lot of pain , you do no breath

A

you guardd the area

decrease lung expand

63
Q

what do you do to increase lung expansion

A
  • medicate the patient to keep comfy

- splint

64
Q

1 inch and hour is normal for drainage after 2hrs 6 inches of drainage , what do you do ?

A

reinforce it
call the doctor
continue to watch it

65
Q

if you see gushing red blood coming out of the dressing ? what do you do ?

A

apply pressures - artery was hit
get help
emergency - might have to hit the code button

66
Q

before the nurse does anything when you enter the patient room you should

A

wash your hands - handwashing

67
Q

you have a patient always in pain ,you enter therir room they are partying and dancing with friends , what do you do ?

A
  • tell the friend to step outside while you give meds

- document

68
Q

what is and electrolyte ?

A

positive or negative charge that conduct itself in a fluid and dissolves

69
Q

body fluids , what do they do

A

moves

moves between compartments

70
Q

a pt family member stated her grandmother has a low tolerance for pain , what does that tell you as the nurse

A

patient is going to need meds oftern
w/diagnosis - alteration -comfort
offer the pt pain meds - don’t wait for them to ask as needed

71
Q

a patient is stoch , grimmcing , and guareded condition , how do you as the pat to take meds ?

A

-maybe culture , and cant ask for meds

explain and educate patient about complication , they will have a longer stay in the hospital if they don’t

72
Q

what level of pain do you tell the patient to ask for meds ?

A

3-5 level on the pain scale

73
Q

hyponatremia

hypernatremia

A

low sodium
high sodium
range 135-145

74
Q

hypokalemia

hyperkalemia

A

low postassium
high postassium
range 3.5-5

75
Q

hypocalcemia

hypercalcemia

A

low calcium
high calcium
range 4.5-5.5

76
Q

hypomagnesemia

hypermagnesimia

A

low magnesium
high magnesium
range 1.5-2.5

med-surg quiz 1 (1 decks)

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