Fluid and Electrolytes

Question 1

How much sodium is in normal plasma in the body?

Answer 1

135 - 145mmol/L

Question 2

How was pottassium is in normal plasma in the body?

Answer 2

3.5 - 5mmol/L

Question 3

How much chloride is in normal plasma in the body?

Answer 3

100 - 110mmol/L

Question 4

How much HCO3 is in normal plasma in the body?

Answer 4

22 - 26mmol/L

Question 5

What are normal glucose levels int he body?

Answer 5

3.5 - 7.8mmol/L

Question 6

How much sodium is in normal saline?

Answer 6

154mmol/L

Question 7

How much chloride is in normal saline?

Answer 7

154mmol/L

Question 8

How much pottasium is in normal saline

Answer 8

0

Question 9

What is the electrolyte make up of normal saline?

Answer 9

154mmol/L of sodium

154mmol/L of chloride

Question 10

How much sodium is in hartmans

Answer 10

131mmol/L

Question 11

How much pottassium is in hartmans?

Answer 11

5mmol/L

Question 12

How much chloride is in hartmans

Answer 12

111mmol/L

Question 13

How much HCO3 is in hartmans?

Answer 13

29mmol/L

Question 14

What is the electrolyte make up of hartmans?

Answer 14

131mmol/L sodium
5mmol/L pottassium
111mmol/L for chloride 29mmol/L of HCO3

Question 15

How much glucose is in 5% dextrose solution>

Answer 15

50g/L

Question 16

Describe what you would give for fluid resusitation in a hypovolaemic patient?

Answer 16

1. 500ml bolus of saline or hartmans over less than 15 minutes
2. If still hypovolaemic then 250 - 500ml of saline/hartmans
   This process can be repeated until you have given 2000ml

Question 17

What are the daily requirements for maintenence fluids?

Answer 17

1. 25-30ml/kg water
2. 1mmol/kg pottassium, sodium and chloride
3. 30 - 100g/day of glucose

Question 18

What are our daily sodium requirements?

Answer 18

1 - 2mmol/kg

around 80mmol in 24 hours

Question 19

What are our daily pottassium requirements?

Answer 19

1 - 2mmol/kg

(around 60mmol in 24 hours

Question 20

What body compartments does saline enter?

Answer 20

The ECF (plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 21

What electrolyte imbalances can saline cause if given in too high quantities?

Answer 21

Hypernatremia

Acidosis

Question 22

Where does 5%dextrose go?

Answer 22

Equilibrilate everywhere (ie all body compartments) as it contains no electrolytes. This is why it is not used in resusitation only for maintenence and pure dehydration

Question 23

What body compartments does hartmans solution go into?

Answer 23

Just the ECF (interstitial fluid and plasma)

Question 24

what are colloids?

Answer 24

Large molecules which are supposed to stay in the intravascular space for longer than saline and can draw water in to eincrease volume. They also contain 145mmol/L of sodium and chloride but are not used as much anymore due to problems with anaphylaxis.