Fluid and Electrolytes

Question 0

__________ is most stable and is fairly resistant to major fluid shifts.

Answer 0

ICF: intracellular fluid

Question 1

___________ fluid is least stable; it is quickly lost or gained in response to fluid intake or losses.

Answer 1

Vascular

Question 2

Reserve fluid, replacing fluid either in blood vessels or cells, depending on need.

Answer 2

Interstitial fluid

Question 3

Found in many foods including bacon, ham, processed and canned foods, processed cheeses, and table salt.

Answer 3

Sodium (Na+)

Question 4

Fluid within cells; two thirds of body fluid

Answer 4

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Question 6

Water moves through a semi permeable membrane (allows water and small particles, but not large particles, to easily pass through) from an area of lower concentration (fewer particles, more water) to an area of higher concentration (more particles, less water) until concentrations are equalized.

Answer 6

Osmosis

Question 7

Fluid outside of cells; made up of two components, interstitial fluid (surrounding cells) and fluid within vascular space (blood vessels)

Answer 7

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 8

____________ functions largely in controlling and regulating water balance. Most abundant cation in extracellular fluid and a major contributor to serum osmolality.

Answer 8

Sodium (Na+)

Question 9

What is osmosis?

Answer 9

Water moves through a semi permeable membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration until concentrations are equalized.

Question 10

When both water and sodium are retained in the body.

Answer 10

Fluid volume excess (FVE)

Question 10

Normal serum sodium levels

Answer 10

135-145 mEq/L

Question 11

Chief electrolyte of ECF

Answer 11

Sodium Na+

Question 12

Normal potassium serum level

Answer 12

3.5 - 5.3 mEq/L

Question 13

Primary regulator of body fluids and electrolytes balance. Regulates the volume and osmolality of extracellular fluids by regulating water and electrolyte excretion.

Answer 13

Kidneys

Question 14

Causes cardiac rhythm disturbances.

Answer 14

Potassium K+

Question 15

Transmits nerve impulses and promotes muscle contraction.

Answer 15

Sodium Na+

Question 16

Found in bananas, peaches, oranges, figs, melons, broccoli, potatoes, dried beans and peas, whole grains

Answer 16

Potassium K+

Question 17

Most abundant electrolyte in body, 99% found in bones and teeth.

Answer 17

Calcium Ca++

Question 18

Maintains water balance throughout body, controls and regulates the volume and distribution of ECF

Answer 18

Sodium Na+

Question 19

Important in the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, important in many vital reactions that involve enzymes, maintains normal levels of potassium.

Answer 19

Magnesium MG++

Question 20

Normal calcium serum blood level

Answer 20

4.25-5.25 mg/dL

Question 21

Necessary for strong bones and teeth, necessary for a nerve impulse, and blood clotting, a catalyst for muscle contraction, is needed for B12 absorption.

Answer 21

Calcium Ca++

Question 22

Found in milk, cheese, dairy products, dried peas and beans, green leafy vegetables, fortified beverages like orange juice.

Answer 22

Calcium Ca++

Question 23

Normal magnesium serum blood level

Answer 23

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

Question 24

Acts with sodium to maintain osmotic pressure of the blood.

Answer 24

Chloride CL-

Question 25

Helps maintain electrical activity in nervous and muscle tissue

Answer 25

Magnesium MG++

Question 26

Found in foods high in sodium, processed food, dairy products, meat.

Answer 26

Chloride CL-

Question 27

Normal chloride serum blood level

Answer 27

95-105 mEq/L

Question 28

Helps maintain the body’s acid-base balance, necessary for B vitamins to be effective, helps from nerve and muscle action, plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism. Bone and teeth formation.

Answer 28

Phosphate PO4

Question 29

Normal phosphate blood serum level

Answer 29

2.5-4.5 mq/dL

Question 30

All animal products including meat, poultry, eggs, milk. Bread, and ready to eat cereal

Answer 30

Phosphate PO4

Question 31

Chief extracellular anion, found in blood, interstitial fluid/lymph

Answer 31

Chloride CL-

Question 32

Having same osmolality as normal plasma. No osmotic pressure difference is created, so fluids remain primarily in ECF.

Answer 32

Isotonic

Question 33

Present in both intracellular and extracellular fluid. Primary function is regulating acid-base balance as an essential component of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system.

Answer 33

Biocarbonate (HCO3)

Question 34

Found in most foods but especially fish, nuts, green leafy vegetables, whole grains, dried peas and beans, chocolate, and cocoa

Answer 34

Magnesium MG ++

Question 35

The ___________ System regulates carbonic acid by eliminating or retaining carbon dioxide.

Answer 35

Respiratory

Question 36

Movement of water and particles, high-pressure to low-pressure, movement between vascular compartment and interstitial fluid.

Answer 36

Filtration

Question 37

Found in intracellular, in heart, bone, nerve, and muscle tissues, second important cation in ICF.

Answer 37

Magnesium MG++

Question 38

Having a higher osmolality than normal plasma; water is pulled from cells into blood vessels, resulting in increased vascular volume and decreased cell water

Answer 38

Hypertonic

Question 38

Movement of molecules, lower concentration to higher concentration, must have ATP to occur, sodium/potassium pump

Answer 38

Active transport

Question 40

Having a lower osmolality then normal plasma; water is pulled out of blood vessels into cells, resulting in decreased vascular volume and increased cell water.

Answer 40

Hypotonic

Question 41

Intermingling of molecules, such as liquids, gases, solids. High concentration to low concentration, equalizer.

Answer 41

Diffusion