Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards
__________ is most stable and is fairly resistant to major fluid shifts.
ICF: intracellular fluid
___________ fluid is least stable; it is quickly lost or gained in response to fluid intake or losses.
Vascular
Reserve fluid, replacing fluid either in blood vessels or cells, depending on need.
Interstitial fluid
Found in many foods including bacon, ham, processed and canned foods, processed cheeses, and table salt.
Sodium (Na+)
Fluid within cells; two thirds of body fluid
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Water moves through a semi permeable membrane (allows water and small particles, but not large particles, to easily pass through) from an area of lower concentration (fewer particles, more water) to an area of higher concentration (more particles, less water) until concentrations are equalized.
Osmosis
Fluid outside of cells; made up of two components, interstitial fluid (surrounding cells) and fluid within vascular space (blood vessels)
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
____________ functions largely in controlling and regulating water balance. Most abundant cation in extracellular fluid and a major contributor to serum osmolality.
Sodium (Na+)
What is osmosis?
Water moves through a semi permeable membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration until concentrations are equalized.
When both water and sodium are retained in the body.
Fluid volume excess (FVE)
Normal serum sodium levels
135-145 mEq/L
Chief electrolyte of ECF
Sodium Na+
Normal potassium serum level
3.5 - 5.3 mEq/L
Primary regulator of body fluids and electrolytes balance. Regulates the volume and osmolality of extracellular fluids by regulating water and electrolyte excretion.
Kidneys
Causes cardiac rhythm disturbances.
Potassium K+
Transmits nerve impulses and promotes muscle contraction.
Sodium Na+
Found in bananas, peaches, oranges, figs, melons, broccoli, potatoes, dried beans and peas, whole grains
Potassium K+
Most abundant electrolyte in body, 99% found in bones and teeth.
Calcium Ca++
Maintains water balance throughout body, controls and regulates the volume and distribution of ECF
Sodium Na+
Important in the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, important in many vital reactions that involve enzymes, maintains normal levels of potassium.
Magnesium MG++
Normal calcium serum blood level
4.25-5.25 mg/dL
Necessary for strong bones and teeth, necessary for a nerve impulse, and blood clotting, a catalyst for muscle contraction, is needed for B12 absorption.
Calcium Ca++
Found in milk, cheese, dairy products, dried peas and beans, green leafy vegetables, fortified beverages like orange juice.
Calcium Ca++
Normal magnesium serum blood level
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Acts with sodium to maintain osmotic pressure of the blood.
Chloride CL-
Helps maintain electrical activity in nervous and muscle tissue
Magnesium MG++
Found in foods high in sodium, processed food, dairy products, meat.
Chloride CL-
Normal chloride serum blood level
95-105 mEq/L
Helps maintain the body’s acid-base balance, necessary for B vitamins to be effective, helps from nerve and muscle action, plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism. Bone and teeth formation.
Phosphate PO4
Normal phosphate blood serum level
2.5-4.5 mq/dL
All animal products including meat, poultry, eggs, milk. Bread, and ready to eat cereal
Phosphate PO4
Chief extracellular anion, found in blood, interstitial fluid/lymph
Chloride CL-
Having same osmolality as normal plasma. No osmotic pressure difference is created, so fluids remain primarily in ECF.
Isotonic
Present in both intracellular and extracellular fluid. Primary function is regulating acid-base balance as an essential component of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system.
Biocarbonate (HCO3)
Found in most foods but especially fish, nuts, green leafy vegetables, whole grains, dried peas and beans, chocolate, and cocoa
Magnesium MG ++
The ___________ System regulates carbonic acid by eliminating or retaining carbon dioxide.
Respiratory
Movement of water and particles, high-pressure to low-pressure, movement between vascular compartment and interstitial fluid.
Filtration
Found in intracellular, in heart, bone, nerve, and muscle tissues, second important cation in ICF.
Magnesium MG++
Having a higher osmolality than normal plasma; water is pulled from cells into blood vessels, resulting in increased vascular volume and decreased cell water
Hypertonic
Movement of molecules, lower concentration to higher concentration, must have ATP to occur, sodium/potassium pump
Active transport
Having a lower osmolality then normal plasma; water is pulled out of blood vessels into cells, resulting in decreased vascular volume and increased cell water.
Hypotonic
Intermingling of molecules, such as liquids, gases, solids. High concentration to low concentration, equalizer.
Diffusion
