Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards
(109 cards)
what are isotonic fluids
same concentration as plasma
cause no fluid shifts
osmotic pressure is the same in and out of cells
cells do not shrink or swell with movement
intravascular dehydration
stays in intravascular compartment
expands intravascular compartment
what is hypotonic fluids
has less concentration of particles than plama
water moves out of intravascular compartment into the cells (osmotic pressure)
RBC swell
cellular dehydration
what is hypertonic solutions
greater concentration than plasma
osmotic pressure shifts fluid from the cells
RBC shrink
intravascular dehydration
what does fluid balance consist of
fluid intake and absorption
fluid distribution
fluid output
examples of fluid intake
drinking
eating foods
thirst and habit
movement of fluid among its various compartments equal
fluid distribution
what regulates fluid intake
thirst- 2300ml/day
what are hormonal influences for fluid intake
antidiuretic hormone
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
atrial natiuretic peptides
what is insensible loss
water loss through the skin and lungs, which is not measurable
what is sensible loss
water loss through feces, urine, wound drainage, which is measurable
where do fluid output happen
kidney, skin, lungs and GI tract
abnormal fluid output
vomiting, wound draining, hemorrhage
fluid output influenced by
antidiuretic hormone
renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system
atrial natriuretic peptides
what is adrenal cortical regulation
hormones released by the adrenal cortex help regulate both water and electrolyte
what is renal regulation
kidney regulate water balance through adjustment in water volume
the hypothalmic are
thirst receptors
what is pituitary regulation
posterior pituitary release ADH which regulates water retention by kidneys
what are the functions of electrolytes
regulate water distribution muscle contraction nerve impulse transmission blood clotting regulate enzyme reactions regulate acid-base balance
what are electrolytes
most enter body from ingested food
substances that when in solution separate into electronically charged particles called ions
can be negatively charged anions
can be positively charged cations
cations include
sodium
potassium
calcium
magnesium
anions
chloride
bicarbonate
phosphorus
sodium
major catio abundant in ecf control water balance condution of nerve impulses 135-145 mEq/L
hyponatremia
less than 135mEq/L
results from excess water or loss of Na
signs and symptoms of hyponatremia
muscle weakness vomiting lethargy confusion seizures