Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance

Question 1

Which solute dominates in dog saliva?

Answer 1

Na

Question 2

Which solute dominates in ruminant saliva?

Answer 2

Na, HCO3-

Question 3

Which solute dominates in horse saliva?

Answer 3

NaCl

Question 4

Do herbivores secrete digestive enzymes from their salivary glands?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

What is the consequence for oesophageal obstruction in the cow?

Answer 5

Loss of Na and HCO3-
Metabolic acidosis due to HCO3- not reaching rumen to buffer fermentation products
Osmolarity of rumen contents acts osmotically to pull fluid from circulation, causing dehydration (excessive salivation also contributes)

Question 6

What is the consequence of oesophageal obstruction in a horse?

Answer 6

Hypochloraemic
Hyponatraemic
Get initial acidosis followed by metabolic alkalosis

Initial acidosis caused by hypovolemia > hypoxia > lactic acid production

Question 7

How much saliva is secreted by a cow in a day?

Answer 7

100 - 150 L

Question 8

How much saliva is secreted by a horse in a day?

Answer 8

At least 15L, likely much more

Question 9

What sort of secretion do oesophageal glands produce?

Answer 9

Mainly mucous

Question 10

Describe the pancreatic secretions of the horse

Answer 10

Profuse and continuous
Contribute considerably to enterosystemic fluid cycle
Alkaline - rich in Na+, HCO3- to buffer fermentation later in caecum as well as gastric secretions
Up to 60L per day

Question 11

What other HCO3- source is there in the horse GIT?

Answer 11

HCO3- is secreted by the ileum

Question 12

How frequently should rumen sounds be heard?

Answer 12

Roughly every 60 - 90 seconds

Question 13

What would you use to obtain a sample of rumenal fluid? What aspects of it might you assess?

Answer 13

A nasogastric or orogastric tube

Would assess pH, bacterial population

Question 14

What is the range for the net fluid flux over the horse GIT per day?

Answer 14

100 - 150L

Salivary + gastric + brunners + pancreatic + ileal + water flux