fluid and electrolyte disturbance

Question 1

Hypernatremia :

1.Is defined as plasma Na concentration greater than 135 mmol
2.The majority results from loss of water
3.Renal response to hypernatremia is the excretion of large volume 3 liter
4.Plasma Na concentration should be lowered 3mmol per hour
5.Recognized in glucocorticoid deficiency

Answer 1

The majority results from loss of water

Question 2

The following are causes of 1/1 hyponatremia, except

Glucocorticoid deficiency
AVP release due to pain Hyperthyroidism
Vomiting
Syndrome of inappropriate AVP secretion

Answer 2

Hyperthyroidism

Question 3

All of the following statements are true, except: *
1.Treatment of hyponatremia by restricting water intake
2.Mild asymptomatic hyponatremia no treatment required
3.Hyperlipidemia may cause pseudohyponatremia
4.Stupor and seizure usually occur when plasma concentration below 135 mmol
5.Correction of the K deficit may raise plasma Na by favouring a shift of Na out of cell

Answer 3

Stupor and seizure usually occur when plasma concentration below 135 mmol

Question 4

Treatment of sever hyperkalemia 1/1 includes all of the following, except:
10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate
Ventolin ( salbutamol ) nebulizer
Dialysis
ACE inhibitor
Use of Na HCO3

Answer 4

ACE inhibitor

Question 5

Hypokalemia, the true statement is:

1.May result from tissue breakdown
2.May result from severe diarrhea
3.Treated by hemodialysis
4.Causes peak T wave in the electrocardiograph changes
5.It can cause convulsion

Answer 5

May result from severe diarrhea

Question 6

The following are clinical manifestation1/1 of hypokalemia, except:
1.Hypoventilation
2.Paralyticillus
3.Generalized weakness
4.All of the above
5.None of the above

Answer 6

None of the above