Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders

Question 1

Common causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 1

1)Kidney disease (CKD,AKI)
2)severe diarrhea
3)Diabetes
4)DKA

Question 2

Common causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 2

1. Diuretics, increased aldosterone ( urine being
   lost)
2. Vomiting ( stomach acid lost )
3. Increase intake of bicarbonate
4. Blood transfusion ( large amount )

Question 3

Common causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 3

Causes :

1. Asthma
2. Bronchitis
3. COPD
4. Pulmonary edema
5. Hypoventilation (low respiratory rate)

Question 4

Common causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 4

Causes :

1. Hyperventilation

Causes of hyperventilation include
* anxiety
* asthma
* Stress
* fever

Question 5

Fluid products , we have 2 types . Name it

Answer 5

1)Crystalloid fluid
2)Colloid fluid

Question 6

Types of crystalloid fluid

Answer 6

I. Normal saline
(0.9% NaCl)
II. Hartmann’s solution
III. Dextrose saline

Question 7

Normal saline
-contents
-uses
-risks

Answer 7

Contents
-sodium chloride
Uses
-fluid resuscitation therapy
Risks
-hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
-Fluid overload in
patient with renal
impairment/diabetes
insipidus

Question 8

Hartmann’s solution
-contents
-uses
-risks

Answer 8

Contents
-Sodium, potassium,
calcium, chloride,
lactate
Uses
-Fluid resuscitation
therapy
- Can be used in
metabolic acidosis
Risks
-lactate acidosis in patient with liver failure

Question 9

Dextrose
-contents
-uses
-risks

Answer 9

contents
-dextrose
uses
-volume expander
risks
-hyponatremia
-hyperglycemia in diabetic patient

Question 10

Colloid fluid , we have how many types and name them

Answer 10

Albumin
Dextran
Gelatin

Question 11

Albumin
-Contents
-Uses

Answer 11

Contents
-Naturally colloid of plasma from pooled donor plasma
Uses
* Increase plasma oncotic pressure
* Hypoalbuminemia state

Question 12

Dextran
-Contents
-Uses

Answer 12

Contents
-polysaccharides
Uses
-Management in acute
hypovolemic
- Exert effect of anti-coagulation,
reduce plasma viscosity

Question 13

Gelatin
-Contents
-Uses
-Risks

Answer 13

Contents
-polypeptide molecules derived from bovine collagen
Uses
-Plasma volume expander
Risks
-Allergic reaction
-Renal impairment