Fluid and Electrolyte and Pharmacology Quiz (Test 4) Flashcards
The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined to form the:
a) intracellular compartment
b) circulating compartment
c) vertical compartment
d) extracellular compartment
d) extracellular compartment
What percentage of an adult’s body weight consists of water?
a) 10% - 20%
b) 30% - 40%
c) 50% - 60%
d) 70% - 80%
c) 50% - 60%
When administering IV fluids, the nurse ensures that the IV fluids are infusing as ordered to prevent dehydration in an adult. Dehydration can become lethal if the patient loses:
a) 5% of body fluid
b) 10% of body fluid
c) 15% of body fluid
d) 20% of body fluid
d) 20% of body fluid
The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluids taken in to maintain homeostasis. The recommended daily amount of water for an adult is about:
a) 1000 mL
b) 1500 mL
c) 2050 mL
d) 2500 mL
d) 2500 mL
The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency. In order for the kidneys to remove waste, they must produce an hourly output of at least:
a) 10 mL
b) 20 mL
c) 30 mL
d) 40 mL
c) 30 mL
When a patient takes substances into the body, they first enter the extracellular compartment. However to carry out their function, they must enter the:
a) horizontal compartment
b) intracellular compartment
c) compartmental compartment
d) vertical compartment
b) intracellular compartment
The nurse explains to a patient that his inhaled oxygen moved into the intravascular compartment by a process called:
a) active transport
b) oxygenation
c) passive transport
d) mass movement
c) passive transport
The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space. This process is called:
a) diffusion
b) filtration
c) osmosis
d) homeostasis
c) osmosis
Transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is by filtration process. This process is called:
a) passive transport
b) mass movement
c) active transport
d) osmotic transport
a) passive transport
Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body. The location of electrolytes is important for maintaining homeostasis. Sodium is the major electrolyte in which fluid compartment?
a) intracellular
b) intravascular
c) extracellular
d) interstitial
c) extracellular
As the nurse assesses the edamatous cardiac patient, she is aware that the condition is a result of retained fluid and the patient is:
a) hyponatremic
b) hypokalemic
c) hypernatremic
d) hypercalcemic
c) hypernatremic
The nurse closely assesses a patient with hypokalemia for:
a) systemic edema
b) cardiac complications
c) muscle cramping
d) impaired kidney function
b) cardiac complications
After assessing a calcium level of 6.2 mEq/L, the nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient to include observation for possible:
a) osteoporosis
b) tooth loss
c) renal calculi
d) contractures
c) renal calculi
When reading the lab report of an adult patient with excessive diarrhea, the nurse notes that the pH is 7.10 and the PaCO2 and the PaO2 are normal. From this information alone, the nurse assesses the patient to be in:
a) respiratory acidosis
b) metabolic acidosis
c) respiratory alkalosis
d) metabolic alkalosis
b) metabolic acidosis
When assessing a patient with respiratory alkalosis, the nurse realized that due to lack of adequate oxygenation, the patient will display:
a) slow respirations
b) muscle weakness
c) strong, even heart rate
d) flushed face
b) muscle weakness
A patient admitted in a state of extreme anxiety has vital signs of: T98.6f, P81, BP 130/86, R32. The nurse is aware that if this hyperventilation continues, the result will be:
a) metabolic acidosis
b) metabolic alkalosis
c) respiratory acidosis
d) respiratory alkalosis
d) respiratory alkalosis
If a patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours, the nurse is aware that this loss of stomach contents can result in:
a) metabolic acidosis
b) metabolic alkalosis
c) respiratory acidosis
d) respiratory alkalosis
b) metabolic alkalosis
What are three types of passive transport?
a) diffusion, osmosis, filtration
b) titration, filtration, diffusion
c) distillation, diffusion, titration
d) titration, distillation, osmosis
a) diffusion, osmosis, filtration
A child has been having an asthma attack for the last 8 hours. Because of the child’s inability to exhale effectively, the nurse assesses the child for:
a) respiratory acidosis
b) metabolic acidosis
c) respiratory alkalosis
d) metabolic alkalosis
a) respiratory acidosis
The nurse expects an adult with normal kidney function to void a minimum of _______ urine in 4 hours:
a) 120 mL
b) 200 mL
c) 100 mL
d) 150 mL
a) 120 mL
Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs are indicative of:
a) hypocalcemia
b) hypercalcemia
c) hyperkalemia
d) hypokalemia
a) hypocalcemia
The three body systems that work closely together to maintain a normal hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of the body are in this order:
a) blood buffers, lungs and kidneys
b) kidneys, blood buffers and lungs
c) lungs, kidneys and blood buffers
d) blood buffers, kidneys and lungs
a) blood buffers, lungs and kidneys
The major route of excretion of all electrolytes from the body is via:
a) skin
b) lungs
c) kidneys
d) feces
c) kidneys
The most common cause of hypocalcemia is a dysfunction of:
a) antidiurectic hormones
b) growth hormones
c) parathyroid hormone
d) thyroid hormone
c) parathyroid hormone
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a patient; what findings will support a diagnosis of dehydration:
a) urine specific gravity of 1.005
b) serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L
c) hematocrit of 38%
d) serum sodium level of 135 mEq/L
b) serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L
Na = 134-142
A health care provider orders an IV solution of D5 in 0.9% sodium. What type of fluid is this solution?
a) hypertonic solution
b) hypotonic solution
c) isotonic solution
d) normotonic solution
a) hypertonic solution
When assessing the older patient’s hydration status, the nurse expects which assessment finding to be the best indicator of fluid losses or gain?
a) pretibial edema
b) a weight gain of 2 pounds in one day
c) poor skin turgor
d) the patient’s report of feeling thirsty
b) a weight gain of 2 pounds in one day
In assessing the fluid and electrolyte balance in an older female patient being admitted for dehydration, the nurse should be certain the question the patient about:
a) sleep patterns
b) laxative use
c) changes in taste
d) any feeling of dry mouth
b) laxative use
The following ethnic groups are the highest risk for hypocalcemia due to lactose intolerance:
a) Asians, Black Americans and American Indians
b) Caucasians, Alaskans and Hispanics
c) Alaskan Inuits, Americans and Hawaiians
d) Asians, Alaskans and Caucasians
a) Asians, Black Americans and American Indians
What is a concerning assessment finding in a patient receiving IV hydration?
a) pitting edema on the feet
b) neck vein distension
c) bounding pulse rate
d) presence of crackles in the lungs
d) presence of crackles in the lungs
