FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE Flashcards
It is a substance that dissolve in solution, ionizes, that is some of its molecules split or dissociate into electrically charged atoms or ions?
ELECTROLYTE
Electrolytes that is NEGATIVELY CHARGED?
ANIONS
Electrolytes that is POSITIVELY CHARGED?
CATIONS
What will happen to electrolyte if the body has more fluid, is it INCREASED or DECREASED?
DECREASED
It is a liquid substance that transport nutrients to the cells and carry waste products from the cells.
BODY FLUIDS
How many percentage a total body fluid in adult?
60%
How many percentage a total body fluid in older adult?
55%
How many percentage a total body fluid in infant?
80%
What do you call a fluid inside the blood cell?
INTRAVASCULAR
What do you call a fluid inside the cell?
INTRACELLULAR
What do you call a fluid outside the cell (Third space)?
EXTRACELLULAR
What do you call a fluid in between your cell and blood vessel?
INTERSTITIAL
Give at least 3 types of Transcellular Fluid?
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Synovial Fluid
- Amniotic Fluid
other example: serous fluid, gut fluid, and aqueous humour.
Is the accumulation and sequestration of trapped extracellular fluid in an actual or potential body space as a result of disease or injury?
Third Spacing
An excess accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space?
EDEMA
What do you call a generalized edema?
ANASARCA
What is the difference between SOLUTES and SOLVENT?
SOLUTE = a SOLID part, the one that is dissolved.
SOLVENT = A FLUID part, the one that dissolves solutes.
It is the ratio or relationship between solution and solutes?
TONICITY
A solute spreads the molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
DIFFUSION
The movement of solvent molecules across a membrane in response to a concentration gradient, usually from a concentration of lower to one of higher solute concentration?
OSMOSIS
note: Pulls out of solvent by the solutes
It is the movement of solutes an solvents by hydrostatic pressure?
FILTRATION
Note: Pulls out of solvent and solutes the same time by hydrostatic pressure
What is the total fluid intake of a person per day?
2300-2900 ml
What is the total fluid output of a person per day?
2600-3000 ml
What is the largest source of fluid intake? How many ml?
Ingested water 1200-1500 ml
What are the three sources of fluid intake?
Ingested water, Ingested food and metabolic acidation.
What are the 4 sources of fluid output?
Kidneys, Insensible loss through the skin and lungs, and GI tract.
What is the largest source of fluid output? How many ml?
Kidneys 1500 ml
What is the lowest source of fluid intake? How many ml?
Metabolic oxidation 300 ml
How many mL of fluid output loss through lungs?
400-600 ml
How many mL of fluid output loss through skin?
600-800 mL
How many mL of fluid intake through ingested food?
800-1100 mL
How many mL of fluid intake through ingested water?
1200-1500 mL
What is the normal value of Potassium?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
What is the most abundant intracellular cation?
POTASSIUM
Is Potassium located inside the cell?
YES
TRUE or FALSE. You will get a blood sample/specimen in order to check for Potassium level.
TRUE
What are the causes for HYPOKALEMIA?
- Loss of K+
- Lack of K+ intake
- Shifting of K+ from ECF to ICF
- Serum Dilution
What is the function of Potassium?
Movement of muscles and pumping of the heart
This diuretics can cause the patient to loss potassium?
THIAZIDE
Note: (T)hiazide (T)throws the potassium
If Potassium increased, what will happen to sodium, will increase or decrease?
DECREASE
note: K+ and Na are inversely proportional
What ECG changes you will expect to see to a patient with hypokalemia?
Prominent U waves
Inverted T waves
ST segment depression
ECG changes that only happen in hypokalemia?
Prominent U waves
Why we need to attach the patient with HYPO/HYPERkalemia to a cardiac monitor?
Because a patient might experience ECG changes
As a nurse, what important consideration you need to remember prior to administering potassium through oral?
a. This has unpleasant taste and therefore be taken with juice.
b. Need to dilute first
c. can cause nausea, and should not be given in an empty stomach
D. All of the above
c. can cause nausea, and should not be given in an empty stomach
As a nurse, what important consideration you need to remember prior to administering potassium through liquid?
a. This has unpleasant taste and therefore be taken with juice.
b. Need to dilute first
c. can cause nausea, and should not be given in an empty stomach
D. All of the above
a. This has unpleasant taste and therefore be taken with juice.
As a nurse, what important consideration you need to remember prior to administering potassium via IV?
a. This has unpleasant taste and therefore be taken with juice.
b. Diluted and administered via infusion device.
c. can cause nausea, and should not be given in an empty stomach
D. You need to administer via IV Push, IM or SubQ.
b. Diluted and administered via infusion device.
A patient who is taking potassium through oral suddenly experience gastrointestinal bleeding. As a nurse, what will be your priority action?
a. Discontinue the medication.
b. Do nothing because it just a normal side effect and will gradually loss.
c. Assess the patient abdomen.
d. Both A and C
a. Discontinue the medication.
A condition that can occur due to methods of blood specimen collection?
PSEUDOHYPERKALEMIA
What will be your management for pseudohyperkalemia?
a. Administer thiazide
b. Redraw specimen and evaluate
c. Discontinue IV potassium
d. Give kayexalate
b. Redraw specimen and evaluate
Rationale: Pseudohyperkalemia is a condition that can occur due to methods of blood specimen collection. Increase potassium levels without symptoms.
