Fluid Administration Flashcards
Fluid or blood loss due to underlying disease or surgical hemorrhage deplete an animal’s ____.
-Extracellular fluid space
-Plasma proteins
-Electrolytes
What are the common crystalloid fluids?
-Lactated Ringer’s solution
-PlasmaLytes
-Normosol
-Sodium chloride
What are the 5 types of crystalloid solutions?
-Isotonic polyionic replacement solutions
-Isotonic polyionic maintenance solutions
-Normal saline solution
-Hypertonic saline solutions
-Dextrose solutions
What are crystalloid solutions?
-Water and small-molecular-weight solutions that pass freely through the vascular endothelium
Crystalloid Solutions and Blood Pressure
-Crystalloids are also used as a vascular expander to help increase blood pressure
-Solutions leave the vascular space quickly, so effects on blood pressure are often short-lived
-Common rates used for management of hypotension range between 10-12 ml/kg given as a bolus
Colloid Solutions
-Contain large molecular weight solutes that don’t freely diffuse across the vascular endothelium
-Solutes stay in the intravascular space, so used to support expansion of blood volume and blood pressure
2 Basic Types of Colloids
-Synthetic colloid solutions
-Blood products (plasma, whole blood)
Commonly use Synthetic Colloids
-Vetstarch (suggested that total volume should not exceed 50 ml/kg/day)
-Hetastarch (Suggested that the volume should not exceed 20 ml/kg/day)
-Exceeding dosing ranges can inhibit the patient’s ability to clot properly
Hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solutions
-Colloid
-Made from hemoglobin extracted from human or bovine red blood cells
-Solutions are intended as blood substitutes to treat patients with anemia or hemorrhage
Hypertonic saline
-Isn’t a maintenance fluid
-Generally used for patients in severe shock
-Administration draws fluids into the vascular space and temporarily helps increase blood pressure
