Fluid Flashcards
Normal action of Adolsterone
When blood volume gets low (vomiting and hemorrhage)
What happens to the volume of fluid during heart failure
Urinary output decreases and volume stays in the vascular space
Where is Adolsterone found
Adrenal gland (on top of the kidneys)
Two diseases with too much aldosterone
Cushing disease - retains too much fluid
Hyperaldosterone
How does aldosterone affect the body
Affects the bodies ability to regulate blood pressure. Sends signals to organs (kidneys and colon) that can increase the amount of sodium that the body sends to the bloodstream or the amount of potassium released in the urine
What does aldosterone retain in the body
Water and sodium making the blood volume go up.
Where is ANP (atrial Natriuretic Peptide) found
Right atrium of the heart
How does ANP work
Opposite of aldosterone.. excretes sodium and water
What does ADH (anti diuretic hormone) make you retain or diurese?
Retains only water (not sodium)
If urine is concentrated, what values will increase?
Urine specific gravity, sodium, hematocrit
If urine is dilute, what values decrease?
Urine specific gravity, sodium and hematocrit
What does ADH do?
Is a hormone that helps your kidneys manage the amount of water in your body
What happens with TOO MUCH ADH
You retain water, creating fluid volume excess. Urine is concentrated and blood is dilute. SIADH
What happens when there is NOT ENOUGH ADH
You lose (diurese) water, creating fluid volume deficit. Urine is dilute, blood is concentrated. Worried about shock and Diabetes Insipidus
What are you concerned with when there is a ADH problem
Increased ICP. Head injury.
What is third spacing
When fluid goes somewhere in your body that does no good… for example when you burn your arm, fluid in your body goes there, which does no good to your body. Plus think about ascites (fluid build up in abdo.. can create breathing problems, no space for lungs)
Where is magnesium excreted from
The kidneys, but it can be lost in other ways like the GI tract
What should you think about with sodium levels
Sodium = think neurochanges
The sodium level in your blood is totally dependent on how much water you have in the blood
Neurochanges are common in clients with??
Hypernatremia and hyponatremia (sodium)
Foods high in potassium
Spinach, fennel, kale, mustard greens, Brussels sprouts, broccoli and eggplant
What’s the major problem with oral potassium
GI upset
Can you give Potassium by IV push?
No! This can kill… they use with death row patients
Where is potassium excreted from?
The kidneys, if the kidneys are not working well the serum potassium will go up.
Normal lab value for potassium
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Sign and symptoms of Hyperkalemia
Begins with muscle twitching, than muscle weakness and than flaccid paralysis
Respiratory Acidosis
Lung problem, C02 is causing the problem, PH is low,
