Fluid

Question 1

Normal action of Adolsterone

Answer 1

When blood volume gets low (vomiting and hemorrhage)

Question 2

What happens to the volume of fluid during heart failure

Answer 2

Urinary output decreases and volume stays in the vascular space

Question 3

Where is Adolsterone found

Answer 3

Adrenal gland (on top of the kidneys)

Question 4

Two diseases with too much aldosterone

Answer 4

Cushing disease - retains too much fluid

Hyperaldosterone

Question 5

How does aldosterone affect the body

Answer 5

Affects the bodies ability to regulate blood pressure. Sends signals to organs (kidneys and colon) that can increase the amount of sodium that the body sends to the bloodstream or the amount of potassium released in the urine

Question 6

What does aldosterone retain in the body

Answer 6

Water and sodium making the blood volume go up.

Question 7

Where is ANP (atrial Natriuretic Peptide) found

Answer 7

Right atrium of the heart

Question 8

How does ANP work

Answer 8

Opposite of aldosterone.. excretes sodium and water

Question 9

What does ADH (anti diuretic hormone) make you retain or diurese?

Answer 9

Retains only water (not sodium)

Question 10

If urine is concentrated, what values will increase?

Answer 10

Urine specific gravity, sodium, hematocrit

Question 11

If urine is dilute, what values decrease?

Answer 11

Urine specific gravity, sodium and hematocrit

Question 12

What does ADH do?

Answer 12

Is a hormone that helps your kidneys manage the amount of water in your body

Question 13

What happens with TOO MUCH ADH

Answer 13

You retain water, creating fluid volume excess. Urine is concentrated and blood is dilute. SIADH

Question 14

What happens when there is NOT ENOUGH ADH

Answer 14

You lose (diurese) water, creating fluid volume deficit. Urine is dilute, blood is concentrated. 
Worried about shock and Diabetes Insipidus

Question 15

What are you concerned with when there is a ADH problem

Answer 15

Increased ICP. Head injury.

Question 16

What is third spacing

Answer 16

When fluid goes somewhere in your body that does no good… for example when you burn your arm, fluid in your body goes there, which does no good to your body. Plus think about ascites (fluid build up in abdo.. can create breathing problems, no space for lungs)

Question 17

Where is magnesium excreted from

Answer 17

The kidneys, but it can be lost in other ways like the GI tract

Question 18

What should you think about with sodium levels

Answer 18

Sodium = think neurochanges

The sodium level in your blood is totally dependent on how much water you have in the blood

Question 19

Neurochanges are common in clients with??

Answer 19

Hypernatremia and hyponatremia (sodium)

Question 20

Foods high in potassium

Answer 20

Spinach, fennel, kale, mustard greens, Brussels sprouts, broccoli and eggplant

Question 21

What’s the major problem with oral potassium

Answer 21

GI upset

Question 22

Can you give Potassium by IV push?

Answer 22

No! This can kill… they use with death row patients

Question 23

Where is potassium excreted from?

Answer 23

The kidneys, if the kidneys are not working well the serum potassium will go up.

Question 24

Normal lab value for potassium

Answer 24

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question 25

Sign and symptoms of Hyperkalemia

Answer 25

Begins with muscle twitching, than muscle weakness and than flaccid paralysis

Question 26

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 26

Lung problem, C02 is causing the problem, PH is low,