Fluency Facts Flashcards
Maize - Who, What
Aztects, Maya | Corn with beans and squash allowed the development of Native Americans as they had access to more food
Maize - Where, when, why
Europe and new world | 6000 BCE - Today | Transformed hunting to farming because they didn’t need to hunt for food
Columbian Exchange - Who, What
Settlers, Native Americans | Exchange of goods, animals, diseases
Columbian Exchange - Where, when, why
New world, old world | 1492-1500 | Disease killed tons of people, led to demand for slaves for cash crops, animals changed way of life
Encomienda System - Who, What
Spanish, Native Americans | Racial class system, Spanish had more priority than natives
Encomienda System - Where, when, why
Spanish colonies | 1512-1542 | It led to enslavement and killings of natives
Pueblo Revolt - Who, What
Native Americans, Spanish| Revolt against the settlers, lots of natives died, but they won and were able to have freedom from the Spanish for 12 years, 400 dead, 2K settlers gone
Pueblo Revolt - Where, when, why
Southwest America | 1680 | It showed that the natives had enough power to rebel against settlers, and how they were able to reject new ideas forced upon them
Virginia Company - Who, What
London Investors, explorers | Joint stock company to establish the Jamestown colony
Virginia Company - Where, when, why
Jamestown | 1607 | First successful British settlement in North America, able to sustain self governance
Frame of Government - Who, what
William Penn | Written constitution for Pennsylvania that supported religious tolerance and trade with Native Americans
Frame of Government - Where, when, why
Pennsylvania | 1682 | Laws that were supporting of Quaker beliefs, Used enlightenment beliefs, led to religious freedom, civil rights, self government
Navigation Acts - Who, what
Parliament, colonies, merchants | Defined colonies as suppliers of materials, no foreign merchants were allowed to trade within colonies
Navigation Acts - Where, when, why
British Colonies | 1651 | Mercantilism. Goods (sugar, rum, tobacco, rice) must be shipped to Britain for export. Salutary Neglect, benefits England and colonies economically
City Upon a Hill - Who, what
John Winthrop, Puritans | Speech given on the boat “Arbella” that stated the colonies will be a city on a hill watched by the world
City Upon a Hill - Where, when, why
Boston (harbor), churches (mass) | 1630 | Model of Christian charity for puritans, beginning of American Exceptionalism. Centrality of religion.
Ann Hutchinson - Who, what
Ann Hutchinson | Puritan banished from Mass bay for heresy in 1637. Preached that God communicates to individuals instead of church. Actual reason for banishment was gender roles
Ann Hutchinson - Where, when, why
Mass Bay Colony | 1637 | Fought against colonial gender roles and church authority
King Philips War - Who, what
British, metacom | War over land encroachment
King Philips War - Where, when, why
New England | 1675-1676 | It destroyed the power of tribes, the most destructive war in US history
Covenant Chain - Who, What
Iroquois | Alliance that gave Iroquois supremacy and favorable trading terms
Covenant Chain - Where, when, why
New York | 1677 | Established advantage over other tribes, showed other tribes that the natives were using the European powers beneficially
Enlightenment - Who, What
Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, ect. | Intellectual movement where new principals were applied to all of society
Enlightenment - Where, when, why
Europe, spread to colonies | 1600-1700 | Scientific ideas which influenced things like the declaration of independence, natural rights, bill of rights, ect.
Great Awakening - Who, What
George Whitefield, John Edward, young people | Religious movement that targeted emotions
Great Awakening - Where, when, why
Northern Colonies, spread south | 1730-1760s | Questions authority of the people, slaves begin to become Christian
Salutary Neglect - Who, what
British, colonists | Policy which enforced supervised affairs between the colonies to maintain loyalty and profitability
Plan of Union - Who, what
Ben Franklin, Iroquois, congress reps |Plan of intercolonial defense, stopped because of loss of power
Plan of Union - where, when, why
Albany NY | 1754 | Displayed diverse interests, sectionalism
French & Indian War - Who, What
French, British, Native Americans | War between the British and French over piece of land
French & Indian War - Where, When, Why
Ohio river valley |1754-1763 | British debt, end of French power, shifting property, colonial unity
Pontiacs rebellion - Who, what
Pontiac’s, native Americans, American colonists, British | uprising against British expansion to Ohio river valley, led to proclamation of 1763
Pontiacs rebellion - Where, when, why
Great Lakes Region, Michigan | 1763 | Demonstrated viability of NAI alliances in struggle against European expansion, contributed to deteriorating relations, Leads to formation of vigilante groups
Sons, Daughters of Liberty - Who, what
American Colonists | threats, protests, and acts of violence to intimidate people loyal to the British crown, helped organize and carry out the Boston Tea Party, boycotted
Sons, Daughters of Liberty - Where, when, why
American Colonies | 1765 - 1776 | influential in orchestrating resistance movements, against unfair taxation
Stamp Act - Who, what
Parliament, Sons of Liberty, Colonists | Taxes stamped, legal documents, and paper products
Stamp Act - Where, when, why
Colonies, GB, Boston | 1765 | raise revenue + pay off debt accumulated for F+ I war, act repealed in 1766 along w/ passing of Declaratory act
Republican Motherhood - Who, what
Women | Women educate children to ensure the education of the next generation
Republican Motherhood - Where, when, why
US | 1770-1830s | Assigned gender roles, mothers had a civic duty in society, separate spheres
Coercive Acts - Who, what
Parliament, Colonists | Series of acts that unnecess strain on colonists, like quartering act, admin of justice act
Coercive Acts - Where, when, why
Colonies | 1774 | punish colonies especially Boston after Tea Party, confirms fears that GB wants to destroy American Liberty
Articles of Confederation - Who, what
Delegates at Cont. Congress | Confederal system, very little power vested in fed gov’t
Articles of Confederation - Where, when, why
Colonies, US | 1777-1789 | Unstable due to confederal system, (federal power very limited can’t tax) , shay’s rebellion proves this
NW Ordinance of 1787 - Who, what
Congress | Legislation outlining gov’t in NW territory including how to enter union, outlawing slavery
NW Ordinance of 1787 - Where, when, why
Territory NW of Ohio | 1787 | One key success of A of C, gave equal standing to new states
Shays’ Rebellion - Who, what
Daniel Shays, indebted farmers | Armed march to courthouse attempting to shut down debtors prison
