Flows Flashcards
1
Q
What are the types of flows?
A
- above ground: throughfall, stemflow, overland flow, channel flow
- below ground: infiltration, percolation, throughflow, groundwater + baseflow
2
Q
What are the 2 main ways surface runoff occurs?
A
- pptn > infiltration rate
- soil saturated
3
Q
Why is infiltrated water chemically rich?
A
- picks up minerals + organic acids from veg. + soil
4
Q
What are the factors influencing infiltration?
A
- duration of rainfall
- antecedent soil moisture
- soil porosity
- veg. cover
- raindrop size
- slope angle
5
Q
What types of rock is percolation quite fast in?
A
- Carboniferous limestone + chalk
6
Q
What is throughfall?
A
- water falling through gaps in veg. or dropping from leaves or twigs onto ground
7
Q
What is stemflow?
A
- any pptn intercepted by veg., passing down branches + stems of veg. onto ground
8
Q
What is overland flow?
A
- water from pptn flowing over ground surface, bc it’s unable to be absorbed into ground
9
Q
What is channel flow?
A
- water moving through established channels, like streams or rivers
10
Q
What is infiltration?
A
- movement of water from above ground into soil
11
Q
What is percolation?
A
- water moving slowly downwards from soil into porous rock or rock fractures
12
Q
What is throughflow?
A
- water flowing through soil + into streams or rivers
13
Q
What is groundwater flow?
A
- water flowing through permeable rocks, below water table, + may flow as springs
14
Q
What is baseflow?
A
- lvl of channel flow when there’s no overland flow
