Flowering Plants Flashcards
The function of the root
Anchor and support the plant in the soil.
Take in (or absorb) water and minerals.
Some plants (e.g. yams) store food in their roots.
The function of the stem
Support and hold up leaves and flowers
Transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and also transport food from the leaves to the roots
Some stems store food (e.g. potatoes)
The function of the leaves
• Make food in a process called photosynthesis
• Allow gases and water vapour to pass in and out
• Some leaves store food (e.g. lettuce and cabbage)
The function of the flower
The function of a flower is to produce seeds so that the plant can reproduce.
The purpose of fruit
Protects seeds
Provides food for seeds
The bud
Allows new flowers and leaves to grow
The ______ transports water and minerals up the plant
Xylem
transports food from the leaves
Phloem
The loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves.
Transpiration
The ______ are little holes on the underside of leaves
Stomata
The flow of water from the roots, up through the plant, and out the leaves is called the ————
Transpiration stream
Transpiration Supplies water to the leaves for
Photosynthesis
____ helps to cool plants (in the same way sweating helps cool the human body)
Transpiration
Factors that increase rate of transpiration
Sunlight,wind,soil,water and low humidity
Passes into leaves through Stomata (found on the under side of leaf)
Carbon Dioxide
From soil, enters through roots
Water
From the sun. Absorbed by leaves due to their large flat surfaces. Provides energy needed to form food
Light
Made by plants. It is a green pigment. Mostly found in the leaves. Absorbs light and allows photosynthesis to take place
Chlorophyll
is the way in which green plants make food
Photosynthesis
Light Energy →
Chemical Energy
Food made by plant to provide energy in respiration, to form starch in parts of the plant and to form cellulose
Glucose
Gas made by photosynthesis. Used for respiration to provide energy in the leaf. Released from the leaf into the air
Oxygen
The change in growth of a plant in response to an outside stimulus
Tropism
The way in which a plant changes growth in response to light
Phototropism
The way in which a plant changes growth in response to gravity
Geotropism
The controlled release of energy form food
Respiration
requires oxygen
Aerobic respiration
does not require oxygen
Anaerobic respiration
Factors of respiration
• Glucose comes from the food we eat
• Oxygen is removed from the air we breathe
Products of respiration
•We breathe out carbon dioxide & water vapour
• We use the energy throughout our day, walking, talking, thinking etc
This type of respiration(anaerobic respiration) produces ________ which causes our muscles to cramp
lactic acid
anaerobic respiration can also be carried out by microbes to produce useful products
The most common of these is in beer making, where alcohol has been produced from yeast feeding on glucose
Used for attraction
Petals
Protects flower while in bud, brightly coloured for attraction
Sepal
Produces the male gamete (sex cell) for fertilisation
Stamen
The male sex cell is called
Sperm
Produces the female gamete for fertilisation
The carpel
The female sex cell is called
An egg
The transfer of pollen grains from another (male part) to a stigma(female part)
Pollination
Visit the flower in order to obtain pollen or nectar as food
Insect
blows the pollen from one flower to another
Wind
occurs when the male and female parts of the flower are ripe at the same time and when the pollen can fall onto the sticky stigma.
Self-pollination
