Flowering Plants

Question 1

Roots

Answer 1

Anchor and support the plant in the spil

Take in (or absorb) water and minerals

Some plants (e.g. yams) store food in their roots

Question 2

Stem

Answer 2

Support and hold up leaves and flowers

Transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and also transport food from the leaves to the roots

Some stems store food (e.g. potatoes)

Question 3

Leaves

Answer 3

Make food in the process called photosynthesis

Allow gases and water vapour to pass in and out

Some leaves store food (e.g. lettuce and cabbage)

Question 4

Flowers

Answer 4

The function of a flower is to produce seeds so that the plant can reproduce

Question 5

Fruits

Answer 5

Protects seeds
Provides good for seeds

Question 6

Xylem and Phloem

Answer 6

Plants have two types of transport tissue (in the form of tubes):

These are called the xylem and the phloem

The xylem transports water and minerals up the plant while the phloem transports food from the leaves

Question 7

Transpiration

Answer 7

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves

Question 8

Stomata

Answer 8

The stomata are little holes of the underside of the leaves

Question 9

Transpiration stream

Answer 9

The flow of water from the roots, up through the plant, and out of the leaves is called the transpiration stream

Question 10

Photosynthesis

Answer 10

The process where plants make food using light energy

Question 11

Why are leaves green

Answer 11

Because they contain Chlorophyll which is a green chemical needed for photosynthesis

Question 12

What part of a plant has the most chlorophyll

Answer 12

The leaves and any green part of the plant have chlorophyll

Question 13

Photosynthesis Equation

Answer 13

Carbon dioxide and water (+ sunlight and chlorophyll) —> glucose + oxygen

Question 14

Factors for a flower

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide: Passes into leaves through Stomata (found under the side of a leaf)

Water: From soil, enters through roots

Light: From the sun. Absorbed by leaves due to their large flat surfaces. Provides energy need to form food

Chlorophyll: Made by plants. It is a green pigment. Mostly found in the leaves. Absorbs light and allows photosynthesis to take place

Question 15

Products for a flower

Answer 15

Glucose: Food made by plant to provide energy in respiration, to form starch in parts of the plant and to form cellulose

Oxygen: Gas made by Photosynthesis. Used for respiration to provide energy in the leaf. Released from the leaf into the air.

Question 16

Plant responses

Answer 16

Tropism: The change in growth of a plant in response to an outside stimulus

Phototropism: The way in which a plant changes growth in response to light

Geotropism: The way in which a plant changes growth in response to gravity

Question 17

Respiration

Answer 17

Respiration is the controlled energy from food

There are two types of respiration
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen
Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen

Question 18

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 18

This type of respiration occurs when oxygen isn’t available

As we know, humans need oxygen to survive, and primarily use aerobic respiration

However, when we are using all of our oxygen during that process, our body may have to use anaerobic respiration to supply energy

Anaerobic respiration in human muscles produces lactic acid, which causes our muscles to cramp

Question 19

Fermentation

Answer 19

Fermentation is anaerobic respiration by microbes

produces fermented foods. The most common of these is in beer making, where alcohol has been produced from yeast to feeding on glucose

Question 20

Petals

Answer 20

Petals are used to attract insects into the flower; they may have guidelines on them and be scented

Question 21

Sepal

Answer 21

The flower is protected while it is in bud by the sepals, these may be coloured green or have the colour of the petals.
They are often brightly coloured to attract the insects

Question 22

Stamen

Answer 22

The stamen produces the male gamete (male sex cell) for fertilisation

Question 23

Pollination

Answer 23

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther (male part) to a stigma (female part)

Question 24

Insect pollination

Answer 24

Insects visit a flower in order to obtain pollen or nectar as food: The insects rub against the sticky stigma and so the pollen (which was gathered from the stamen of one plant) can end up on the carpel of another plant.

Question 25

Self pollination

Answer 25

Occurs when the male and female parts of the flower are ripe at the same time and when the pollen can onto the sticky stigma

Question 26

Carpel

Answer 26

The carpel produces the female gamete (female sex cell) for fertilisation.

Question 27

Fertilisation

Answer 27

Is the union of a nucleus of the pollen grain with the nucleus of the egg

Question 28

Fruit and seed development

Answer 28

After fertilisation the egg turns into a seed. The parent plant provides the food for growth.

The seed is provided with energy and raw materials to enable it to become established after dispersal, provided the environment is suitable .

Question 29

Structure of a seed

Answer 29

Testa: the tough outer covering

Radicle: the part growing down out of the seed

Plumule: the part growing up (this grows to from from the shoot)

Food supply for seed: The inside of the seed consists of stores of food