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Annuals, Perennials, Vines, and Groundcovers > Flower Morphology > Flashcards

Flower Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Gigantic flowers

A

Flowers sized ≥3 inches

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2
Q

Pistil

A

Female reproductive organ

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3
Q

Bract

A

Modified leaf-like structure subtending a flower

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4
Q

Umbel

A

Involucrate inflorescence with all pedicels rising at the same point (the apex of the peduncle)

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5
Q

Shrub

A

One of the four major plant habits. Woody plant with shoots or braches emerging near the base of the plant, often without a single destinct trunk (multi-trunked)

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6
Q

Style

A

Neck of a pistil

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7
Q

Diseases

A

Fungus- and bacteria-caused ailments

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8
Q

Alternate bearing

A

Plants that cycle in high to low abundance of flowers year-to-year

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9
Q

Teeth/Lobes

A

Free portion of the calyx or corolla

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10
Q

Peduncle

A

Stalk of an inflorescence

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11
Q

Bloom pattern of determinate inflorescence

A

Upper and inner buds bloom first (down and out)

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12
Q

Pests

A

Overall term most often referring to insects

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13
Q

Evergreen

A

Leaves constantly present

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14
Q

Head

A

Involucrate inflorescence of sessile flowers arising at the same point (the apex of the peduncle)

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15
Q

Actinomorphic

A

Radial symmetry in which more than one line of symmetry exists in the shape of the flower

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16
Q

Flower selection: CLOSS ID

A

Color
Location
Odor
Season
Size

Intensity
Duration

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17
Q

Composite head

A

Head type inflorescence composed of many tightly packed, small ray and disc flowers

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18
Q

Fine texture

A

Description for foliage with small size, smooth texture, margin entire or small teeth, and/or dissected/pinnatifid

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19
Q

Form

A

The shape of a plant

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20
Q

Fastigiate

A

Of trees or shrubs, colum-like shape

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21
Q

Tepal

A

A segment of the parianth not differentiated into sepals or petals

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22
Q

Meristematic tissue

A

Actively growing and dividing tissue

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23
Q

Indeterminate - corymb

A

Flat-topped or rounded inflorescence with lower pedicels longer than upper ones

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24
Q

Determinate - cyme

A

Flat-topped or hemispherical inflorescence made up of dischasia units; a compound dichasia

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25
Q

Moist, well-drained soil

A

Water availability most often preferred by plants

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26
Q

Spathe

A

An enlarged bract

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27
Q

Pistillate

A

A flower that only contains pistils

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28
Q

Aromatic

A

Having a pleasant odor, sweet-smelling

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29
Q

Root rot

A

Fungal disease affecting the roots of plants

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30
Q

Pedicel

A

Stalk of an individual flower

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31
Q

Ovary

A

Swollen base portion of pistil that develops into the fruit and/or seed

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32
Q

Rugose

A

Wrinkled leaf texture

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33
Q

Rachis

A

Portion of the axis from which flowers are borne

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34
Q

Gymnosperm

A

A plant that has seeds unprotected by an ovary or fruit. Includes conifers, cycads, and ginkgo.

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35
Q

Indeterminate - spike

A

Elongate inflorescence with sessile flowers

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36
Q

Calyx

A

Collective term for fused sepals

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37
Q

Flower envelope

A

The part of a flower that surrounds the stamens and pistil

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38
Q

Inflorescence

A

Flowering or fruiting branch; term applies to the axis from which flowers and fruit are borne

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39
Q

Vase-shaped

A

Of trees or shrubs, gradually expands to broad crown

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40
Q

Tree sizes:

Small
Medium
Large

A

Tree sizes:

Small: <35 ft
Medium: 35 - 75 ft
Large: > 75 ft

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41
Q

Zygomorphic

A

Bilateral symmatry in which only one line of symmatry exists in the shape of the flower

42
Q

Modified spikes - spadix

A

Flowers crowded and sunken into a thickened rachis

43
Q

Monoecious

A

Having seperate male and female flowers on the same plant

44
Q

Fireblight

A

Bacterial disease that kills young growing tissues, especially for plants in Rosaceae

45
Q

Pungent

A

Very sharp odor, description of strength for sweet or foetid odors

46
Q

Dioecious

A

Male and female flowers on seperate plants

47
Q

Complete (flower)

A

A flower containing all four whorls

48
Q

pH 5.5-6.5 (slightly acidic)

A

Soil pH range most often prefered by plants

49
Q

Stamen

A

Male reproductive organ

50
Q

Tube

A

Fused portion of a corolla or calyx

51
Q

Corolla

A

Collective term for fused petals

52
Q

Deciduous

A

Loses all leaves during winter

53
Q

Foetid

A

Stinky odor, sometimes of rotten meat. Plants pollinate by beetles and flies

54
Q

Perfect (flower)

A

A flower containing both stamens and pistils

55
Q

Disc flower

A

Tiny incomplete flower found at the center of composite head inflorescence

56
Q

Anthocyanin

A

Pigments typically found in the flowers of woody plants, most common found. Typically include pinks, purples, and blues (cool colors)

57
Q

Bloom pattern of Indeterminate inflorescence

A

Lower and outer buds bloom first (up and in)

58
Q

Filament

A

Stalk of a stamen

59
Q

Stigma

A

Apical (at the apex) portion of the pistil recieving pollen

60
Q

Perianth

A

Collective term for the floral envelope (sepals and petals), especially when they are similar in appearance

61
Q

Plicate

A

Accordian-like wrinkles

62
Q

Sepal

A

Outer floral envelope, usually at the base of the flower - protective in bud and early fruiting stages

63
Q

Staminate

A

A flower that only contains stamen

64
Q

Tree

A

One of the four major plant habits. A woody plant with one or two main stems, is at least 12-15ft tall, and typically with a destinct head or canopy

65
Q

Flowering stalk

A

i.e. Inflorescence

66
Q

Indeterminate - panicle

A

Branched, racemose inflorescence

67
Q

Glaucous

A

Color of a leaf (especially on the underside) has changed due to a waxy covering, causing it to look grayish, blueish, or whiteish

68
Q

Determinate

A

Inflorescence axis ends in a flower, halting elongation of axis

69
Q

Involucre

A

A whorl of bracts subtending a flower cluster

70
Q

Imperfect

A

A flower missing either stamen or pistils

71
Q

Shrub sizes:

Dwarf
Small
Medium
Large
Tree-like

A

Shrub sizes:

Dwarf: <4 ft
Small: 4-6 ft
Medium: 6-10 ft
Large: 10-18 ft
​Tree-like: >18 ft

72
Q

Throat

A

Opening at junction of free and fused portions of a corolla or calyx

73
Q
A
  1. Pedicel
  2. Rachis
  3. Peduncle
74
Q

Petal

A

Inner floral envelope surrounding the reproductive organs, commonly pigmented to attract pollinators

75
Q

Ray flower

A

Flower with one elongated corolla, found at the outer rim of a composite head inflorescence

76
Q

Groundcover

A

One of the four major plant habits. A plant where the main stems grow horizontally across the ground rather than virtically

77
Q

Factors affecting hardiness

A

Soil, water availability, solar radiation and temperature

78
Q

Quantity, abundance, floriforous

A

Qualities of intensity

79
Q

The four whorls

A

Parts of a flower

80
Q

Compound umbel

A

An inflorescence comprised of umbel units arising at the same point (the apex of the peduncle)

81
Q

Sucking insects

A

Type of insects including aphids, scale, mites, white flies

82
Q

Types of pruning

A

Natural form and artificial form (e.g. topiary)

83
Q

Chewing insects

A

Type of insects including Japanese beetle, caterpillars, bagworms

84
Q

Claw

A

A narrow, stalk-like, basal portion of a petal, sepal, or bract

85
Q

Anther

A

Expanded, apical (at the apex) structure of a stamen that bears pollen

86
Q

Floriforous

A

Describing a plant that is bearing a lot of flowers

87
Q

Course texture

A

Description for foliage that has large size, rough surface, margine lobed or large teeth, and/or compound leaves

88
Q

Indeterminate - raceme

A

Elongate inflorescence with stalked flowers

89
Q

Carotenoid

A

Pigments much less common in woody plants, typically yellows, oranges, and reds (warm colors)

90
Q

Spur

A

Hollow extension of a part of a flower (i.e. wild columbine)

91
Q

Flower locations:

  1. Terminal
  2. Axillary
A

Flower locations:

  1. At the end of the branch
  2. Along the nodes
92
Q

Narrowleaf evergreen

A

Type of evergreen that is gynosperms

93
Q

Modified spikes - spikelet

A

Flowers clustered, surrounded by a pair of swollen brachs (most often grass species)

94
Q

Incomplete (flower)

A

A flower missing one or more of the four whorls

95
Q

Indeterminate

A

Inflorescence axis ends in meristematic tissue

96
Q

Apical

A

At or on the apex of a structure

97
Q

Large flowers

A

Flower sized 1-2 inches

98
Q

Vine

A

One of the four major plant habits. A plant that climbs by special adaptations, including twining around structures, tendrils, and small adventicious roots grown along the stem

99
Q

Broadleaf evergreen

A

Type of evergreen plants that are flowering

100
Q

Modified spikes - catkins

A

Inflorescence racemose, drops as a unit

101
Q

Determinate - dichasium

A

Inflorescence produces three flowers, middle blooming before two lateral flowers

Annuals, Perennials, Vines, and Groundcovers (10 decks)

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