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Annuals, Perennials, Vines, and Groundcovers > Flower Morphology > Flashcards

Flower Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Gigantic flowers

A

Flowers sized ≥3 inches

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2
Q

Pistil

A

Female reproductive organ

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3
Q

Bract

A

Modified leaf-like structure subtending a flower

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4
Q

Umbel

A

Involucrate inflorescence with all pedicels rising at the same point (the apex of the peduncle)

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5
Q

Shrub

A

One of the four major plant habits. Woody plant with shoots or braches emerging near the base of the plant, often without a single destinct trunk (multi-trunked)

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6
Q

Style

A

Neck of a pistil

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7
Q

Diseases

A

Fungus- and bacteria-caused ailments

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8
Q

Alternate bearing

A

Plants that cycle in high to low abundance of flowers year-to-year

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9
Q

Teeth/Lobes

A

Free portion of the calyx or corolla

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10
Q

Peduncle

A

Stalk of an inflorescence

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11
Q

Bloom pattern of determinate inflorescence

A

Upper and inner buds bloom first (down and out)

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12
Q

Pests

A

Overall term most often referring to insects

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13
Q

Evergreen

A

Leaves constantly present

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14
Q

Head

A

Involucrate inflorescence of sessile flowers arising at the same point (the apex of the peduncle)

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15
Q

Actinomorphic

A

Radial symmetry in which more than one line of symmetry exists in the shape of the flower

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16
Q

Flower selection: CLOSS ID

A

Color
Location
Odor
Season
Size

Intensity
Duration

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17
Q

Composite head

A

Head type inflorescence composed of many tightly packed, small ray and disc flowers

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18
Q

Fine texture

A

Description for foliage with small size, smooth texture, margin entire or small teeth, and/or dissected/pinnatifid

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19
Q

Form

A

The shape of a plant

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20
Q

Fastigiate

A

Of trees or shrubs, colum-like shape

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21
Q

Tepal

A

A segment of the parianth not differentiated into sepals or petals

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22
Q

Meristematic tissue

A

Actively growing and dividing tissue

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23
Q

Indeterminate - corymb

A

Flat-topped or rounded inflorescence with lower pedicels longer than upper ones

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24
Q

Determinate - cyme

A

Flat-topped or hemispherical inflorescence made up of dischasia units; a compound dichasia

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25
Moist, well-drained soil
Water availability most often preferred by plants
26
Spathe
An enlarged bract
27
Pistillate
A flower that only contains pistils
28
Aromatic
Having a pleasant odor, sweet-smelling
29
Root rot
Fungal disease affecting the roots of plants
30
Pedicel
Stalk of an individual flower
31
Ovary
Swollen base portion of pistil that develops into the fruit and/or seed
32
Rugose
Wrinkled leaf texture
33
Rachis
Portion of the axis from which flowers are borne
34
Gymnosperm
A plant that has seeds unprotected by an ovary or fruit. Includes conifers, cycads, and ginkgo.
35
Indeterminate - spike
Elongate inflorescence with sessile flowers
36
Calyx
Collective term for fused sepals
37
Flower envelope
The part of a flower that surrounds the stamens and pistil
38
Inflorescence
Flowering or fruiting branch; term applies to the axis from which flowers and fruit are borne
39
Vase-shaped
Of trees or shrubs, gradually expands to broad crown
40
Tree sizes: Small Medium Large
Tree sizes: Small: \<35 ft Medium: 35 - 75 ft Large: \> 75 ft
41
Zygomorphic
Bilateral symmatry in which only one line of symmatry exists in the shape of the flower
42
Modified spikes - spadix
Flowers crowded and sunken into a thickened rachis
43
Monoecious
Having seperate male and female flowers on the same plant
44
Fireblight
Bacterial disease that kills young growing tissues, especially for plants in Rosaceae
45
Pungent
Very sharp odor, description of strength for sweet or foetid odors
46
Dioecious
Male and female flowers on seperate plants
47
Complete (flower)
A flower containing all four whorls
48
pH 5.5-6.5 (slightly acidic)
Soil pH range most often prefered by plants
49
Stamen
Male reproductive organ
50
Tube
Fused portion of a corolla or calyx
51
Corolla
Collective term for fused petals
52
Deciduous
Loses all leaves during winter
53
Foetid
Stinky odor, sometimes of rotten meat. Plants pollinate by beetles and flies
54
Perfect (flower)
A flower containing both stamens and pistils
55
Disc flower
Tiny incomplete flower found at the center of composite head inflorescence
56
Anthocyanin
Pigments typically found in the flowers of woody plants, most common found. Typically include pinks, purples, and blues (cool colors)
57
Bloom pattern of Indeterminate inflorescence
Lower and outer buds bloom first (up and in)
58
Filament
Stalk of a stamen
59
Stigma
Apical (at the apex) portion of the pistil recieving pollen
60
Perianth
Collective term for the floral envelope (sepals and petals), especially when they are similar in appearance
61
Plicate
Accordian-like wrinkles
62
Sepal
Outer floral envelope, usually at the base of the flower - protective in bud and early fruiting stages
63
Staminate
A flower that only contains stamen
64
Tree
One of the four major plant habits. A woody plant with one or two main stems, is at least 12-15ft tall, and typically with a destinct head or canopy
65
Flowering stalk
i.e. Inflorescence
66
Indeterminate - panicle
Branched, racemose inflorescence
67
Glaucous
Color of a leaf (especially on the underside) has changed due to a waxy covering, causing it to look grayish, blueish, or whiteish
68
Determinate
Inflorescence axis ends in a flower, halting elongation of axis
69
Involucre
A whorl of bracts subtending a flower cluster
70
Imperfect
A flower missing either stamen or pistils
71
Shrub sizes: Dwarf Small Medium Large Tree-like
Shrub sizes: Dwarf: \<4 ft Small: 4-6 ft Medium: 6-10 ft Large: 10-18 ft ​Tree-like: \>18 ft
72
Throat
Opening at junction of free and fused portions of a corolla or calyx
73
1. Pedicel 2. Rachis 3. Peduncle
74
Petal
Inner floral envelope surrounding the reproductive organs, commonly pigmented to attract pollinators
75
Ray flower
Flower with one elongated corolla, found at the outer rim of a composite head inflorescence
76
Groundcover
One of the four major plant habits. A plant where the main stems grow horizontally across the ground rather than virtically
77
Factors affecting hardiness
Soil, water availability, solar radiation and temperature
78
Quantity, abundance, floriforous
Qualities of intensity
79
The four whorls
Parts of a flower
80
Compound umbel
An inflorescence comprised of umbel units arising at the same point (the apex of the peduncle)
81
Sucking insects
Type of insects including aphids, scale, mites, white flies
82
Types of pruning
Natural form and artificial form (e.g. topiary)
83
Chewing insects
Type of insects including Japanese beetle, caterpillars, bagworms
84
Claw
A narrow, stalk-like, basal portion of a petal, sepal, or bract
85
Anther
Expanded, apical (at the apex) structure of a stamen that bears pollen
86
Floriforous
Describing a plant that is bearing a lot of flowers
87
Course texture
Description for foliage that has large size, rough surface, margine lobed or large teeth, and/or compound leaves
88
Indeterminate - raceme
Elongate inflorescence with stalked flowers
89
Carotenoid
Pigments much less common in woody plants, typically yellows, oranges, and reds (warm colors)
90
Spur
Hollow extension of a part of a flower (i.e. wild columbine)
91
Flower locations: 1. Terminal 2. Axillary
Flower locations: 1. At the end of the branch 2. Along the nodes
92
Narrowleaf evergreen
Type of evergreen that is gynosperms
93
Modified spikes - spikelet
Flowers clustered, surrounded by a pair of swollen brachs (most often grass species)
94
Incomplete (flower)
A flower missing one or more of the four whorls
95
Indeterminate
Inflorescence axis ends in meristematic tissue
96
Apical
At or on the apex of a structure
97
Large flowers
Flower sized 1-2 inches
98
Vine
One of the four major plant habits. A plant that climbs by special adaptations, including twining around structures, tendrils, and small adventicious roots grown along the stem
99
Broadleaf evergreen
Type of evergreen plants that are flowering
100
Modified spikes - catkins
Inflorescence racemose, drops as a unit
101
Determinate - dichasium
Inflorescence produces three flowers, middle blooming before two lateral flowers

Annuals, Perennials, Vines, and Groundcovers (10 decks)

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