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INST 262 > flow terms > Flashcards

flow terms Flashcards

1
Q

Flow Rate

A

The quantity of fluid passing a point at a particular moment

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2
Q

Total Flow

A

Is the quantity of fluid that passes a point during a specific time period

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3
Q

Density

A

Fluids mass per unit volume

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4
Q

Relative Density

A

The ratio of fluid density to the density of a reference fluid

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5
Q

Absolute Viscosity

A

The resistance to the flow of fluid and has the units of centipoise(cP) (in the SI system Pa .s or kg/(s.m)

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6
Q

Kinematic Viscosity

A

The ratio of absolute viscosity to fluid density and has the units of centistokes(cS) (in the SI system m2/s)

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7
Q

Reynolds Number

A

The ratio between the inertial forces moving a fluid and viscous forces resisting that fluid.

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8
Q

Laminar Flow

A

Smooth fluid flow that has a flow profile that is parabolic in shape with no mixing between the streamlines.

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9
Q

Turbulent Flow

A

Fluid flow in which the flow profile is flattened parabola, the streamlines are not present and the fluid is freely intermixing

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10
Q

Incompressible Fluid

A

Is a fluid where there is little change in volume when subjected to a change in pressure

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11
Q

Compressible Fluid

A

Is a fluid where the volume and density change when subjected to a change in pressure

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12
Q

Standard Condition

A

Is an accepted set of temperature and pressure conditions used for measurement

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13
Q

Flowing Condition

A

Is the temperature and pressure of the gas or vapour at the point of measurement

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14
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

A law that states that the absolute pressure of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume provided temperature remains constant

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15
Q

Charles Law

A

A law that states that the volume of a given quantity of gas varies directly with its absolute temperature provided the pressure remains constant

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16
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law

A

Gas law that states that the absolute pressure of a given quantity of a gas varies directly with its absolute temperature provided the volume remains constant

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17
Q

Ideal Gas Law

A

The ideal gas law is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas, often written in the form of PV= nRT

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18
Q

Primary Flow Element

A

A Pipeline restriction that causes a pressure drop used to measure flow.

19
Q

Secondary Flow Element

A

A device that senses the differential pressure created by a primary flow element, usually a DP transmitter

20
Q

Continuity Equation

A

States that, in any steady state process, the rate at which mass enters a system is equal to the rate at which mass leaves the system.

21
Q

Bernoulli Equation

A

The sum of the pressure heads of an enclosed flowing fluid is the same at any two locations.

22
Q

Differential Pressure Flowmeters

A

Flow meters that use the DP pressure across a restriction in a pipe to infer the flow rate through the pipe

23
Q

Orifice Plate

A

A Primary flow element consisting of a thin circular metal plate with a sharp-edged round hole in it

24
Q

Flow Nozzle

A

A Primary flow element consisting of a restriction shaped like a curved funnel that allows a little more flow than an orifice plate and reduces the straight run pipe requirements.

25
Q

Venturi Tube

A

A Primary flow element Consisting of a fabricated pipe section with a converging inlet section, a straight throat, and a diverging outlet section.

26
Q

Pitot Tube

A

A flow element consisting of small bent tube with a nozzle opening facing into the flow.

27
Q

Averaging Pitot Tube

A

Is a tube consisting of several impact openings inserted through the wall of a pipe or duct and extending across the entire flow profile

28
Q

Annubar Flowmeter

A

Is an Emerson Process Management registered trademark name for its averaging Pitot tube design

29
Q

Target Flowmeter

A

Where a physical target is located directly in the fluid flow, the deflection of the target and the force bar is measured by the instrument

30
Q

V-Cone Flowmeter

A

Is a flow meter with a centrally-located cone inside the flow tube which created a differential pressure proportional to the flow rate

31
Q

Corner Tap

A

Orifice pressure taps or sensors located immediately upstream and downstream of the orifice plate

32
Q

Impulse Lines

A

The tubing or piping connection that connects the flowmeter taps to any of the differential pressure instruments.

33
Q

Beta Ratio

A

The Ratio between the diameter of the orifice plate (d) and the internal diameter of the pipe (D)

34
Q

Coefficient of Discharge

A

is the ratio of the true flow to the theoretical flow and is applied to the theoretical flow equation to obtain the actual (true) flow

35
Q

Velocity of Approach

A

Change in velocity between the upstream meter tube and the velocity in the orifice bore

36
Q

Throat

A

May be considered the bore or diameter of the orifice opening in the orifice plate

37
Q

Upstream

A

The region before the orifice pate with respect to direction of fluid flow

38
Q

Downstream

A

The region after the orifice pate with respect to direction of fluid flow

39
Q

Residual (permanent) Pressure Loss

A

The pressure loss due to a restriction in a pipe that is used to cause a pressure differential for flow measurement

40
Q

Turndown Ratio

A

The Ratio of the maximum flow to the minimum measurable flow at the desired measurement accuracy.

41
Q

Meter Run

A

Consists of an orifice fitting, upstream section of pipe and downstream section of pipe (& conditioner if required)



42
Q

Flange Tap

A

taps placed 25.4mm (1 inch) upstream and downstream of the orifice plate, normally within specialized pipe flanges

43
Q

Pipe Tap

A

Taps for connection to the secondary device on a orifice tube where the upstream tap is 2.5 pipe diameters and the downstream tap is located 8 pipe diameters from the orifice plate

INST 262 (5 decks)

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