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FLOW MEASUREMENT Flashcards

1
Q

defined as the volume or mass quantity of fluid that flows through the section of a pipe of channel per time unit

A

FLOW

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2
Q

the number of fluid volumes passing by per unit time

A

Volumetric Flow

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3
Q

the number of fluid mass units passing by per unit time

A

Mass Flow

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4
Q

MAJOR FACTORS AFFECTING THE FLOW OF FLUIDS THROUGH PIPES

A
  • velocity of fluid
  • friction of fluid in contact with the pipe
  • viscosity of f
  • density of f
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5
Q

depends on the head pressure which is forcing the fluid through the pipe

A

Fluid Velocity

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6
Q

“molecular friction” within a fluid.

negatively affects the flow rate of fluids

measure in units of centipoise

A

Viscosity

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7
Q

reduces the flow rate of fluids through pipes and is therefore a negative factor

A

Pipe Friction

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8
Q

affects flow rates in that a more dense fluid requires more head pressure to maintain a desired flow rate

A

Density

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9
Q

the most important flow factor correlated together into a dimensionless parameter

A

Reynolds Number

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10
Q

Introduced Reynolds Number

A

George Stokes

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11
Q

Popularized reynolds number

A

Osborne Reynolds

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12
Q

Gave reynolds number its name

A

Arnold Sommerfeld

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13
Q

referred to an orderly motion of flow where every particle of the fluid moves in parallel to the pipe

A

Laminar fluid flow

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14
Q

The flow is said to become ________ when it speeds up even more

A

Turbulent

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15
Q

if Reynolds number is between 2000 and 400

A

Critical flow

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16
Q

If Reynolds number is less than 2000

A

Laminar

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17
Q

If Reynolds number is more than 4000

A

Turbulent

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18
Q

Ways fluids can be measure

A
  • Gravimetric terms (by weight or mass)
  • Volumetric terms (by volume)
  • Velocity
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19
Q

Importance of Flow Measurement

A

it is important to know that the right fluid is at the right place at the right time

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20
Q

Fluid flow metering systems provide vital information for the following purpose

A
  • Production Planning
  • Product Quality
  • Control of Process
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21
Q

Operating principle of Pressure-based Flowmeters

A

Bernoulli’s Principle

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22
Q

the man behind Bernoulli’s Principle

A

Daniel Bernoulli

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23
Q

there is a relationship between the pressure of a fluid and its velocity

A

Bernoulli’s Principle

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24
Q

simple a disc with a hole

functions as the primary element, it creates restriction as well as differential pressure between the upstream and downstream sides.

A

Orifice Plate

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25
the sharpness of the edge of the bore is critical; it affects the ______________
Discharge Coefficient
26
The orifice plate is a _____________ primary element
Non-linear
27
where the impulse lines are joined to the orifice plate carrier.
Taps
28
the most popular tap location for orifice meter runs on large pipes
Flange Taps
29
offer the greatest differential pressure for any given flow rate, but require precise calculations to properly locate the downstream tap position
Vena contracta taps
30
an approximation of vena contracts taps for large pipe sizes
Radius taps
31
must be used on small pipe diameters where the vena contracta is so close to the downstream face of the orifice plate that a downstream flange tap would sense pressure in the highly turbulent region
Corner Taps
32
also known as the full-flow tap calls for a downstream tap location eight pipe diameters away from the orifice
Pipe tap
33
Types of Orifice Plate
1. Square-edge orifice plate | 2. Non-square-edge orifice plate
34
Types of Square-edge orifice plate
1. Concentric orifice plate 2. Eccentric orifice plate 3. Segmental orifice plate
35
Types of Non-Square-Edge Orifice plate
1. Quadrant-edge orifice plate | 2. Conical-entrance orifice plate
36
the simplest design of orifice plate this orifice plate is manufactured by machining a precise, straight hole in the middle of a thin metal plate
Square-edged, concentric orifice
37
where the hole is located off-center to allow the undesired portions of the fluid to pass through the orifice rather than build up on the upstream face
Eccentric orifice plate
38
looks like a beveled square-edge orifice plate installed backwards with flow entering the conical side and exiting the square-edged side
Conical-entrance orifice plate
39
a pipe purposefully narrowed to create a region of low pressure
Venturi Tubes
40
Working principle of venturi tubes
Developing a differential pressure by channeling a fluid flow from a wide tube to a narrow tube
41
Pioneered the Venturi tube
Clemens Herschel (1887)
42
developed the venturi tube
Giovanni Battista Venturi
43
Variations of Venturi Tube
1. Flow Nozzle 2. V-cone 3. Segmental Wedge
44
designed to be clamped bet. the faces of two pipe flanges in a manner similar to an orifice plate. an elliptical or a radius entrance and is particularly suited for measurement of steam flow and other high velocity fluids
Flow Nozzle
45
may be thought of as a venturi tube or orifice plate in reverse the tube’s effective area will be reduced by the presence of this cone, causing fluid to accelerate through the restriction just as it would through the throat of a classic venturi tube
V-cone
46
are special pipe sections with wedge-shaped restrictions built in.
Segmental wedge
47
senses pressure as the fluid stagnates against the open end of a forward-facing tube
Pitot Tube
48
pitot tubes depend on
differential pressure between the impact probe and the static probe
49
The principle of Pitot tube is
Variable head velocity measuring device
50
an averaging pitot tube consolidating high and low pressure sensing ports in a single probe assembly
“Annubar”
51
it is very commonly used for measuring condensate, crude oil, and diesel
Turbine Meters
52
This form of flowmeter divides up the flowing fluid into known volume packets These measurement devices trap a known volume of fluid and allow it to pass from meter inlet to outlet
Positive Displacement Meter
53
discovered the positive displacement meter
Samuel Clegg (1815)
54
This type of flow meter uses the principle of inductive voltage/current in accordance with Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law
Magnetic Flowmeter
55
used to describe pressure waves at frequencies higher than the human ears can detect
Ultra sonic
56
This type of flowmeter operates on the principle of transit time differences
Ultra-Sonic flowmeter
57
Operating principle of ultra sonic flow meter
Transit time differences
58
operate on the physical principle of the Karman vortex street
Vortex Flowmeter
59
operating principe of Karman flowmeter
Karman vortex street
60
the man behind Vortex flowmeter
Theodore Von Karman
61
it is so called because the instrument employs the Coriolis Principle
Coriolis-effect meter
62
A body of masa M, moving with constant linear velocity, and subject to an angular velocity (or vibrating) experiences an inertial force at right angles to the direction of motion
Coriolis Principle
63
working principle of coriolis effect flowmeter
Phase-shift
64
man behind coriolis effect
Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis
65
common type of variable area flow meter besides being as a standalone meter, they can also be found on the level bubbler system, and on the caissons.
Rotameter (Variable Area Flow Meter)

ICE semis (2 decks)

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