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Pharm 2 > Flouroquinolones > Flashcards

Flouroquinolones Flashcards

1
Q

Flouroquinolones

A

End in -oxacin
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin
saved for severe problems but come with a cost
BIGGEST PROBLEM IS TENDON RUPTURE MAINLY ACHILLES TENDON. ONLY GIVEN TO ADULTS.DON’T EXERCISE

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2
Q

Levofloxacin (fluoroquinolone) combined with ……… has serious problems.

A

SSRI’s (fluoxetine, Sertraline)
EFFECTS CNS, CONFUSION, DIZZINSS, HEADACHE, THRUSH/ YEAST INFECTION AND DANGEROUS INCREASE IN WARFARIN
CHECK INR BEFORE STARTING( 0.9-1.1 SEC NORMALLY AND 2.0-3.0 IF ON WARFARIN)

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3
Q

What drugs can cause a dangerous increase in Warfarin levels?

A

Flouroquinolones, UTI meds(Nitrofurantoin, Phenazopyridine, Sulfamethaxazole/trimethropin-Bactrim) Rifampin( tb med) and allopurinol(gout med)

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4
Q

Use once daily for 9 months if combined with RIFAPENTINE(TB med) use once weekly for 3 months?

A

ISONIAZID
CAN CAUSE PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY (TINGLING,NUMBNESS AND BURNING) FROM LOW PYRIDOXINE/B6. ADMINISTER 50 TO 200MG OF B6 DAILY
HYPERGLYCEMIA

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5
Q

TB medications

A

“RIPE”

Rifampin
Isoniazid.
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

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5
Q

Antifungal with the most side effects that allows K+ to leak out, also binds to cholesterol and causes toxic effects?

A 
Amphotericin B
INFUSION REACTION( FEVER,CHILLS,RIGORS AND HEADACHE) PHLEBITIS, NEPHROTOXICITY, HYPOKALEMIA AND ANEMIA.
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6
Q

Causes red-orange urine,saliva,sweat and tears.

A

RIFAMPIN (tb med)
Given in combo with other tb meds to prevent antibiotic resistance. Broad spectrum drug,gram- and gram +
HEPATOTOXIC,ANOREXIA,FATIGUE,MALAISE AND JAUNDICE
AVOID ALCOHOL!
COLITIS
INCREASES METABOLISM OF WARFARIN AND BIRTH CONTROL PILLS(USE NON-HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVE)
GIVE 1HR BEFORE OR TWO HOURS AFTER MEAL***
NUMEROUS CYP INTERACTION

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7
Q

Analgesic that works on mucosa of gu tract, turns urine orange/red color?

A

Phenazopyridine(UTI med)
TAKE WITH FOOD, GI DISCOMFORT, D/N
DOESNT CURE JUST RELIEVES (like azo dye)

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8
Q

Hepatotoxic drugs?

A
  • Azoles(antifungal)
  • Rifampin(tb drug)
  • Dmards(ra med) Methotrexate and TNF blockers(infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept)
  • Pyrazinamide( when combined with Isoniazid)
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9
Q

Causes red-green color blindness?

A

ETHAMBUTOL (BACTERIOSTATIC TO M.TUBERCULOSIS)

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10
Q

Hsv1 appears where?

A

Mouth, face, eyes and cns

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11
Q

Better tolerated than Amphotericin B, interferes with ergosterol and causes fungi to die?

A

Azoles(antifungal)
HEPATOTOXIC NUMEROUS CYP INTERACTIONS
NEVER GIVE IN LIVER DISEASE PTS

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12
Q

What antiviral requires plenty of fluids?

A

Valacyclovir

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13
Q

Decreases length of symptoms but not a substitute for vaccine?

A

Oseltamivir(influenza)

Must be at least 1, take with food if have to, must take within 24 hours

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14
Q

“Anti Malaria drug”

A

Hydroxychloroquine

If combined with Methotrexate(ra med) it can cause retinal damage stop if blurred vision occurs

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15
Q

Leukocytes attack Crystal breaks it down and creates …… Which can go to kidneys and cause damage?

A

Tophi

16
Q

Used for anthrax, sinus infections pneumonia and serious skin infections?

A

Fluoroquinolones

-Ciprofloxacin treats UTI’s,traveler’s diarrhea and anthrax

17
Q

What needs to be avoided when taking a fluoroquinolone?

A

DAIRY, ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM ANTACIDS AND IRON
ALSO**
CAN CAUSE PHOTO SENSITIVITY AND *LOW GLUCOSE IN DIABETIC PTS.

18
Q

Possible peripheral neuropathy and prolonged qt interval(die)?

A

Fluoroquinolones

19
Q

Cystitis(uti) medications?

A

Pee Not Safe “PNS”
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethopim-Bactrim(antibiotic), Nitrofurantoin(antibiotic) and Phenazopyridine(analgesic)
**antibiotic ones treat”non complicated uti’s”
** analgesic just relieves symptoms
*** fluroquinolones treat “complicated uti’s”

20
Q

May turn urine brownish color?

A

Nitrofurantoin

  • *DON’T GIVE IN PREGNANCY OR KIDNEY DAMAGED CLIENTS
  • *TAKE WITH FOOD/MILK TO INCREASE ABSORPTION AND DECREASES GI DISCOMFORT
    • PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IS RARE
21
Q

Crystalluria is a huge side effect of this drug?

A

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim-Bactrim

  • *DRINK 8+ CUPS OF WATER A DAY
    • DON’T GIVE TO PREGNANT WOMEN OR BABIES LESS THAN 2 MONTHS OLD, CAN CAUSE KERNICTURUS/JAUNDICE
  • *CAN ELEVATE K+ AND WARFARIN
  • *CAN DECREASE WBC, CAUSE ANEMIA REDUCED PLATELETS
  • *If a pt has an allergy to sulfa they will be allergic to SULFAmethoxazole
22
Q

TB can attack?

A

Lungs(mostly), brain and spine
spread by coughing, sneezing droplets
takes at least 2-4 antibiotics because of the resistance of active TB Treatment can last 6months-2 years.
**can cause night sweats(big indicator), decreased appetite, cough,fever in the afternoon and lung congestion.
Treatment
phase 1(get rid of active tb, sputum not infectious)
2nd phase (any other pathogens in the body)

23
Q

Used in active and latent TB by preventing synthesis in the cell wall?

A

Isoniazid
**peripheral neuropathy due to lack of pyridoxine/B6
give 50 to 200mg of B6 daily
**Hepatotoxic.anorexia,malaise, nausea, jaundice
**Check AST AND ALT
**AVOID ALCOHOL(BOTH FILTERED THROUGH THE LIVER)
***HYPERGLYCEMIA, CHECK SUGAR FREQUENTLY
**MAY INCREASE DIABETES EDICINE, AVOID LIVER FAILURE PTS AND TYRAMINE FOODS
**TAKE 1HR BEFORE OR 2 HOURS AFTER MEAL, MAY TAKE WITH MEAL IF STOMACH UPSET OCCURS

24
Q

What two TB meds are always used in combination with other meds?

A

Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol
used in Active Tb
**liver problems and joint pain

25
Q

TB meds?

A

“RIPE”
Rifampin-bacteriocidal, prevents protein synthesis
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol-CAUSES RED-GREEN COLOR BLINDNESS

26
Q

Antifungal medications?

A

Amphotericin B, Azoles(KetocanAZOLE, FluconAZOLE, MiconAZOLE)
**ALOT OF INTERACTION AND SIDE EFFECTS IF MIXED WITH CERTAIN DRUGS CAN BE DEADLY

27
Q

Strongest antifungal med?

A

Amphotericin B(sometimes toxic to our own cells)
can be static or cidal depending on the dose
allows k+ to leak out of fungal cell and kill it
**fever,chills,headache, pre-treat with benadryl or tylenol
**may give a test dose first
**NEPHROTOXIC, electrolyte imbalance, bone marrow suppression(low platelets or red blood cells)

28
Q

Azoles..

A

Can cause gynecomastia in males or irregular menstrual cycle in women.
***NEVER GIVE IN LIVE DISEASE..HEPATOTOXIC

29
Q

Black box warning for thromboembolism and stroke?

A

Raloxifene

Mimics estrogen in bone

30
Q

Remain upright for 30 min after taking? Take on the morning on completely empty stomach?

A

Biphosphonates

31
Q

Adverse effect of OVJ( osteornecrosis of jaw)?

A

Biphosphonates

32
Q

Tnf blockers?

A

Infliximab(iv)
Abdalimumab(subq)
Etanercept(subq)

33
Q

If combined with Methotrexate it can cause retinal damage,stop if blurred vision occurs?

A

Hydroxychloroquine

34
Q

Hormonal cancer drugs?

A

Tamoxifen

Leuprolide

35
Q

Cytotoxic cancer meds?

A 
Cyclophosphamide
Cisplaxin
Methotrexate
Doxorubicin
Vincristine

Pharm 2 (1 decks)

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