Floatation and Flocculation Flashcards
This is a separation process commonly used in the mining and mineral processing
industries.
Flotation
These cells provide the necessary environment for air bubbles to interact with
hydrophobic particles, causing them to rise to the surface for collection
Flotation Cells
Do not use mechanical agitation but rely on the introduction of air under pressure
Pneumatic cells
. Described as one of the early types of flotation cells used in the mineral processing
industry; it was oldest and simplest but is now practically obsolete.
Simple Callow flotation cell
The size range of materials treated in floatation
from 20 mesh to below 200 mesh
Particles that attract water
Hydrophilic
Particles that repel water.
Hydrophobic
This loss in _______ is a measure of the wettability of the solid phase by the air and
there- fore an indication of the floatability.
Energy
In From Flotation, chemical agent added to cause ar adherence le called
Collectors
Chemicals used to control the flotation environment and adjust the interaction
between collectors and the mineral surfaces.
Modifier
This kind of methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC).
Alcohols
Widely used for sulfide minerals such as copper, lead, and zinc. They form
a hydrophobic layer on the mineral surface
Xanthates
Amine Compounds are used for ________ and oxide minerals.
Silicate
Frothing Agents is specifically designed compounds like _______
Pine oil
They ensure that air bubbles are evenly distributed and have sufficient stability to
carry the hydrophobic particles to the surface. Common frothers include:
Alcohol, Polyglycols and Frothing
agents
Are substances that help produce a stable froth layer at the top of the flotation
cell
Frothers
Modifiers are chemicals used to control the flotation environment and adjust the
interaction between collectors and the _________
Mineral Surface
According to the report, what determines whether particles attach to air bubbles
and float in flotation?
None of the Above
What is discharged as tailings in the flotation process
Depleted slurry
In which application is flotation used to concentrate sulfide ores of copper, lead,
and zinc?
Mineral Processing
What distinguishes a Jameson cell from a mechanical flotation cell?
It has a high-shear environment
Flotation relies on the relative adsorption or __________ of solid surfaces by the
fluid, which is controlled by surface or interfacial energy, where interfacial tension
plays a critical role.
Wetting of Solid Surface by the fluid
The effectiveness of flotation depends on the differences in the surface chemistry
of the materials to be separated
Surface Chemistry
is fed to a flotation cell termed the rougher, where the first or rough separation by
flotation is made
Conditioner
The other material which sinks in the water and is removed from the bottom is
called ________ ?
Tailings
The aggregation of particles to form larger clusters
Flocculation
Destabilize particles by reducing its repulsive charges
Coagulation
Chemical additives that cause suspended solids to form aggregates called flocs.
Flocculating agents
Which of the following is a primary mechanism driving perikinetic flocculation?
Brownian Motion
The person who developed the model for perikinetic flocculation, focusing on the
diffusional flux of particles towards a stationary particle.
Von Smoluchowski
This random movement that causes particles to come into contact with each other
in perikinetic flocculation.
Brownian motion
The movement of particles towards a central particle in a radial direction
Radial diffusion
What is the significance of flocculation in water treatment, particularly in the
context of contact flocculation- direct filtration, as emphasized in the report?
It facilitates the removal of
suspended particles during filtration.
What is the recommended design rate for reverse graded filters in direct filtration?
10 mh–1
Which type of filter media configuration is NOT advised for normal direct filtration
rates ranging from 10 to 18 m3 m–2 h–1?
Single-media sand filters
Which stage of the filtration process involves various factors such as interception,
settling, diffusion, and hydrodynamic forces?
Transport
What is a significant advantage of direct filtration over conventional methods, as
highlighted in the report?
Cost Reductions
What is the primary disadvantage associated with direct filtration in terms of
operational challenges?
shorter filter runs
Which factor primarily contributes to the reduced operational and maintenance
costs associated with direct filtration?
Minimal equipment required
Which parameter is used to optimize filter operation in direct filtration systems
according to the report?
Hydraulic head loss
Which operational aspect of direct filtration is recommended, especially for waters
with elevated iron concentrations or when polyelectrolytes are used, according to the
report?
Implementing surface wash or air
scour
What process occurs when suspended particles adhere to the grain surfaces or
existing deposits within the filter bed?
Attachment
What is flocculation?
The aggregation of particles to form
larger clusters
What is the difference between flocculation and coagulation?
Coagulation destabilizes particles,
while flocculation aggregates them into
flocs.
Flocculation uses _____ to form aggregates from suspended solids.
flocculating agents
In water treatment, flocculation is used to remove _____.
Suspended sediments
All are types of flocculants, except?
Monomeric Flocculants
All are types of polymeric flocculants, except?
Ionic polymers
In perikinetic flocculation, what is the role of Brownian motion?
It induces random movement
leading to particle collisions
In the context of perikinetic flocculation, What does the term ‘radial diffusion’ refer
to?
The movement of particles towards a
central particle in a radial direction
