Flight Theory and Movements

Question 1

Newton’s First Law of Motion

Answer 1

a body at rest tends to stay at rest and a body in motion tends to stay in motion (inertia)

Question 2

Newton’s Second Law

Answer 2

F=ma; acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to the mass of the object

Question 3

Newton’s Third Law

Answer 3

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 4

Four Forces which act on an aircraft in flight

Answer 4

lift, gravity (weight), thrust, drag

Question 5

lift

Answer 5

pushes the aircraft up

Question 6

weight

Answer 6

pulls the aircraft down

Question 7

thrust

Answer 7

pushes the aircraft forward

Question 8

drag

Answer 8

slows the aircraft or pushes it back

Question 9

flight envelope

Answer 9

the different combinations of the four factors that allow the aircraft to be flown safely; ex flying out of the envelope is slang for unsafe conditions

Question 10

Use Newton’s laws to describe why planes can fly

Answer 10

the wing splits the air (action) and lift is the reaction; there is a net change in the air after it passes over the wing to a reaction force acts of the wing giving it lift; lift is produced by diverting air downward

Question 11

upwash

Answer 11

oncoming air stream the is deflected upward and over the wing

Question 12

trailing edge

Answer 12

where the airflow that cam over the top of the wing rejoins the lower surface first

Question 13

leading edge

Answer 13

the part of the airfoil which meed the airflow first

Question 14

downwash

Answer 14

downward air stream deflection as it passes over the wing and past the trailing edge

Question 15

stall

Answer 15

separation of airflow from the wings upper surface creating a rapid decrease in lift; happens from the trailing edge coming forward; happens slowly;

Question 16

how to recover from a stall

Answer 16

the pilot has to restore smooth airflow by decreasing the angle of attack below the stalling angle

Question 17

how to tell if there is a stall

Answer 17

mushiness in controls of slight buffeting of the aircraft

Question 18

basic weight

Answer 18

weight of the aircraft plus weapons, unusable fuel, oil, equipment etc that will stay on the plane during flight

Question 19

operating weight

Answer 19

sum of basic weight and items such as crew, baggage, emergency equipment, all other non expendable items not in basic weight

Question 20

gross weight

Answer 20

total weight of the aircraft including contents and mounted items, anytime

Question 21

landing gross weight

Answer 21

weight of the aircraft, plus contents and external items when it lands

Question 22

zero fuel weight (ZFW)

Answer 22

weight of aircraft without any usable fuel

Question 23

induced drag

Answer 23

drag that is a result of lift

Question 24

longitudinal axis

Answer 24

axis through the fuselage from nose to tail

Question 25

lateral axis

Answer 25

axis from wing tip to wing tip

Question 26

vertical axis

Answer 26

axis vertically through the aircraft center of gravity

Question 27

roll

Answer 27

movement around the longitudinal axis (wing tips moving up or down)

Question 28

pitching

Answer 28

movement around the lateral axis (nose or tail moving up or down)

Question 29

yawing

Answer 29

movement around the vertical axis

Question 30

roll is controlled by...

Answer 30

ailerons

Question 31

pitch is controlled by..

Answer 31

elevators

Question 32

yaw is controlled by...

Answer 32

rudder

Question 33

What temperature of air creates more lift?

Answer 33

cooler air (it is more dense than warmer air)

Question 34

primary control system

Answer 34

systems needed to control the airplane during flight (ailerons, elevator, rudder)

Question 35

secondary control system

Answer 35

improve airplane performance (wing flaps, trim control systems)

Question 36

What type of movement does the joystick control?

Answer 36

roll and pitch movements

Question 37

What type of movement do the rudder pedals control?

Answer 37

yaw of the airplane

Question 38

How does an aileron work to roll the aircraft?

Answer 38

One aileron will go up and the other will go down, the one that goes up decreases the lift on that side making that wing drop; the one that goes down increases the lift and makes that wing go up

Question 39

angle of attack

Answer 39

angle between horizontal chord line and air foil

Question 40

adverse yaw

Answer 40

when the nose of the aircraft yaws in the direction of the raised wing due to increased drag