Flight Test Notes Flashcards
(162 cards)
1
Q
What is Vne?
A
Never Exceed Speed - 163 KIAS
Marked at the end of the yellow tape or the red line.
2
Q
What is Vno?
A
Maximum Structural Cruising Speed - 129 KIAS
3
Q
What is Va?
A
Maximum Maneuvering Speed:
2550lbs - 105 KIAS
2200lbs - 98 KIAS
1900lbs - 90 KIAS
4
Q
What is Vfe?
A
Maximum Flap Extended Speed:
10° - 110 KIAS
10° to 30° - 85 KIAS
5
Q
What is the maximum window open speed?
A
163 KIAS
6
Q
What is Vx?
A
Best angle of climb speed - 62 KIAS
7
Q
What is Vy?
A
Best rate of climb speed - 74 KIAS
8
Q
What is Vs?
A
Stall speed (clean configuration) - 48 KIAS (beginning of green arc)
9
Q
What is Vso?
A
Stall speed (landing configuration) - 40 KIAS (beginning of white arc)
10
Q
When do you require an ELT?
A
When traveling 25NM or more away from originating airport.
11
Q
What documents are required on board for every flight?
A
A - Airworthiness R - Registration O - Operations manual W - Weight and balance J - Journey log I - Proof of insurance L - Licenses I - Intercept Orders
12
Q
What does the C of R tell you?
A
- Nationality and registration mark
- Aircraft manufacturer
- Model and serial number
- The purpose
- Name and address of owner
- Owner registration date
- Certificate issue date
- signature for the Minister of Transport
13
Q
How long is the C or R valid? What invalidates it?
A
Valid as long as the ownership does not change or the owner’s address does not change.
14
Q
How long is the certificate of airworthiness valid for?
A
Indefinitely, as long as the aircraft is maintained in accordance with the requirements of the controlling agency.
15
Q
What temporarily invalidates the certificate of airworthiness?
A
- Failure to comply with ADs
- Failure to do required maintenance inspections (unless on an extension)
- Action that contradicts the POH
- Any minor or major incident
- Any open snags in the journey log
16
Q
How often must the certificate of airworthiness be re-validated?
A
Annually.
17
Q
Is a certificate of airworthiness given to amateur-built aircraft?
A
No, they are given a flight permit.
18
Q
What is the procedure with respect to the certificate of registration when the aircraft is sold?
A
The reverse side of the C of R is to be filled out and mailed to the ministry of transport within 7 days.
The interim C of R must stay with the aircraft and is valid until the LAST day of the 3 month period following the aircraft’s sale or until the new C of R is received.
19
Q
What is basic empty weight?
A
- Standard weight of the aircraft
- Full oil
- Unusable fuel
20
Q
Who prepares the weight and balance document that must be carried on board?
A
The manufacturer of the aircraft.
21
Q
What is the difference between normal and utility category?
A
Utility is solely for the purpose of pilot training in certain flight maneuvers and is usually subject to some restrictions.
For normal, maximum gross weight operations are permitted, but certain maneuvers like spins and steep turns are prohibited.
22
Q
Is an overweighed aircraft considered airworthy?
A
No. Compliance with weight regulations is part of the airworthiness.
23
Q
How often does an aircraft have to be re-weighted?
A
Must be re-weighted and an amended weight and balance report must be issued if a change of more than 2% of the empty weight has occurred, or if the weight cannot be measured (like if a plane gets repainted)
24
Q
What can be found in the actual weight an balance report that cannot be found elsewhere?
A
- The date of manufacture of the aircraft
- The actual amount of unusable fuel
- The amount of full oil.
25
Does the journey logbook have to be carried on each flight?
Yes, unless the pilot does not plan to land and shut down at a location other than its originating departure base.
26
Define air time.
Wheels up to wheels down.
27
Define Flight time.
When the wheels start moving until the wheels stop moving.
28
What hours are aircraft inspections based on?
Based on air time.
29
What type of inspection schedule is the aircraft on?
50hr, 100hr, 200hr inspections. For the 172s we use #P17231LON, and to find the specific 50hr inspection items, you would look at the Maintenance Control Manual (MCM).
30
If the aircraft inspection was due at 1,050 hours, can you fly the aircraft beyond that time? If yes, under what circumstances?
Yes, you can fly the aircraft, by a maximum of 10 hours ONLY IF an AME has written confirmation of an extension in the journey logbook.
31
How do you know that an annual inspection has been performed?
You look for the entry in the journey logbook and for an annual air worthiness information report.
32
If a snag is reported in the journey logbook, can you fly the aircraft? Is it air worthy?
Under no circumstances is the aircraft legal to fly if any type of problem is written in the remarks, unless an AME has differed the defect and given an extension (AME signs the remark).
33
What are the annual items to look for in the journey log?
- Compass swing
- ELT recertification
- Tachometer
34
What item needs to be checked every 2 years in the journey log?
- Transponder recertification
- ELT battery
- Pitot static system
35
How long are ELT batteries valid?
They are good for 2 years from the date of manufacture.
36
When can the ELT be tested?
Can be checked during the first five minutes past each hour for no more than five seconds.
37
What instruments use the pitot static system?
Airspeed, VSI and Altimeter.
38
How often does the pitot-static system need to be checked?
Once every 2 years, if the aircraft flies IFR or VFR in class B airspace.
39
Once a journey log has been completely filled out, how long must you retain that book?
For not less than three years.
40
What do you check for in the journey log to demonstrate the aircraft is airworthy?
- Check for scheduled maintenance inspections
- Check the last air time entry against the next "inspection due" air time
- Check for snags in the remarks section (must be signed off by an AME)
1 year items:
- ELT
- Tachometer
- Compass swing
2 year items:
- ELT battery
- Transponder check/replacement
- Pitot-static system
41
What documents are required by any flight crew member?
- License or permit
- Valid medical
- Radiotelephone operator's certificate
42
What tells you that a pilot license is valid?
The medical certificate tells you if your license is valid.
43
What category medical is required for PPL?
Category III. Valid for 5 years ages up to 40 and valid for 2 years for ages over 40.
44
What category medical is required for CPL?
Category I. Valid for 1 year ages up to 40 and valid for 6 months ages over 40.
45
Where can you find interception procedures?
In the CFS, CARs, and TC AIM.
46
Is proof of insurance required on all flights?
Yes, except for commercial aircraft. (WWFC aircraft are purposed as commercial, so we don't need them)
47
A fireproof plate is fixed onto the body of the aircraft. Where is it? What does it give?
On the left side of the fuselage, just ahead of the elevator. (Visible to people on the ground)
It gives us the registration, make & model of the aircraft.
48
Where is the serial number on the aircraft?
On the floor, under the pilots seat.
49
What does the technical logbook consist of?
- Airframe log
- Propeller log
- Engine log
- Aircraft modifications and AD's log.
50
May the technical logbook be carried on the aircraft?
The technical logbook must not be carried on board aircraft at the same time as the journey logbook.
51
How long must technical logbooks be kept once they are full?
They must be kept indefinitely, until the aircraft is no longer registered.
52
Should a radio station license be carried on board during flight?
No. It is no longer required for flights in Canada, however, a valid radio station license issued by Industry Canada is required for international flights.
53
Minimum instrumentation for VFR flight?
```
M - Manifold pressure gauge / Tachometer
O - Oil temperature gauge
O - Oil pressure gauge
F - Fuel quantity indicator
A - Airspeed indicator
C - Compass
T - Time peice
A - Altimeter
R - Radiocommunication/radio navigation where applicable
```
54
What are the approved fuel grades for your aircraft?
- 100LL (blue)
| - 100 Grade aviation fuel (Green)
55
What type of oil does your aircraft take?
MIL-L22851 or SAE J1899 Ashless dispersant
W-100 in summer
W-80 in winter (less viscosity/thickness)
56
What is total useable and unusable fuel?
56. 0 U.S. Gallons total
| 53. 0 U.S. Gallons useable
57
Does the aircraft have a fuel pump? How does it work?
Yes, it is an electrical-driven pump that supplies fuel to the induction system.
58
If the fuel vent became blocked, what could happen?
Fuel starvation could occur, meaning the engine would stop.
59
What type of oil does the nose oleo use?
MIL-H-5606 and 45.0 PSI.
60
What are the recommended tire pressures?
45. 0 PSI in nose gear
| 38. 0 PSI in main gear
61
What type of flaps does your aircraft have?
Single-slotted Fowler flaps.
62
What type of ailerons does our aircraft have?
Differential Frise ailerons.
63
Is your aircraft equipped with a stabilator or an elevator?
An elevator. A stabilator is usually equipped with an anti-servo tab which moves in the opposite direction of the intended input by the pilot: it uses wind to move the entire elevator.
64
Does the trim tab move in the same direction as the elevator, the stabilator or the anti-servo tab?
It doesn't move in the same direction as the elevator or the stabilator, but the anti-servo tab does.
65
What does the winterization kit usually contain?
Consists of 2 plates (with placards) partially covering up the cowl nose cap opening and insulation for the engine crankcase breather line.
This kit should be installed when the temperatures are consistently at -7°C.
66
How does the ammeter work?
The ammeter indicates the flow of current from the alternator to the battery or from the battery to the airplane electrical system.
67
If you have a total electrical failure, what will happen to the magnetos?
It will not affect the magnetos at all. The magnetos run off the crankshaft (engine power).
68
Name the gyroscopic instruments.
- Attitude indicator
- Heading indicator
- Turn coordinator
69
How will the airspeed indicator react to a blocked pitot tube?
Airspeed will over-read in a climb and under-read in a descent.
70
How will the airspeed indicator react to a blocked static port?
Airspeed will under-read in a climb and over-read in a descent.
71
How are the gyroscopic instruments powered?
Electrically powered but can be powered by a vacuum pump driven off the engine.
72
How do you decide if the gyro instruments are reliable?
- Check for vacuum gauge "in the green"
- Check for no "flags"?
- Performing an instrument check on taxi
73
What could too much leaning for an engine do to the engine?
Could cause overheating and detonation.
74
What is the difference between a side slip and a forward slip?
A side slip is usually used for crosswind landings, where your longitudinal axis is parallel to the runway. A forward slip is usually used to drop altitude without gaining airspeed.
75
In a climbing turn what wing will stall first?
The higher wing (outside wing) will stall first. Higher wing meets air at a higher angle of attack.
76
In a descending turn which wing will stall first?
The lower wing (inner wing) will stall first, air is moving slower around that wing.
77
What is the voltage of the electrical system?
28V.
78
What is the voltage of the battery?
24V.
79
What is the ampere strength of the alternator?
60 Amp.
80
Are VFR cruising altitudes based on true or magnetic heading? Where do VFR cruise altitudes start?
Based on magnetic track in Southern domestic airspace. VFR altitudes start at 3,000' AGL.
81
What are the regulations when flying over water?
When in land aircraft and going out beyond gliding distance to land, life jackets are required.
If travelling more than 100 nautical miles off land, a life raft is required.
82
What is the weather minima in controlled airspace?
Not less than 3SM visibility, and a distance from cloud of 1 mile and 500 ft vertically. Also must be 500' from ground.
83
What is the weather minima in uncontrolled airspace?
Class G airspace:
Less than 1,000': Clear of cloud & 2SM visibility
More than 1,000': 500' below cloud, 2,000' horizontally & 1SM visibility
Class E airspace:
500' below, 1SM horizontally from cloud and 3SM visibility
84
What are the controlled airspaces?
Airspaces A through E are controlled.
85
What are the uncontrolled airspaces?
Class G and F are uncontrolled, however, class F is much more restrictive.
86
To what class of airspace do low-level airways belong?
Low-level airways are in class E up to 12,500' and in class B from 12,500' up to 17,999'.
87
What is the base of low-level airways? How wide are they?
Low-level airways extend upward from 2,200' AGL and are typically 8NM wide.
Top is 12,500' ASL.
88
What are the major differences between class G and E airspace?
Class G is uncontrolled, and class E is controlled and has different weather minimas (500' below cloud, 1SM from cloud and 3SM visibility).
89
What is class G weather minimas below and over 1,000' AGL?
Below 1,000': Clear of cloud, 2SM visibility.
Above 1,000': 500' from cloud, 2,000' horizontally, 1SM visibility.
90
What is the scale of the VNC and VTA charts?
VNC: 1:500,000
VTA: 1:250,000
91
What is the purpose of the 10 degree drift lines?
They allow us to accurately ans easily estimate how far off track we are when navigating without instruments.
92
What is the weather minima in class E airspace?
500' below cloud, 1SM horizontally away from cloud and 3SM visibility.
93
What are the out-of-phase items in the journey logbook?
- ELT (1 year)
- ELT battery (replace at due date)
- Tachometer (1 year)
- Compass (1 year)
- Pitot-static (2 years)
94
What does a solid green light signal indicate?
Cleared for take-off & clear to land.
95
What does a flashing green light signal indicate?
Continue taxi & return for landing.
96
What does a solid red light signal indicate?
STOP on ground & give way to traffic and continue circling.
97
What does a flashing red light signal indicate?
Taxi clear of runway & airport unsafe DO NOT LAND.
98
What does a flashing white light signal indicate?
Return to starting point on the airport.
99
What does an alternating green & red light indicate?
Exercise extreme caution for both ground and air exercises.
100
When does the volt light illuminate?
When there is either too high or too low a voltage being drawn.
101
Define Va.
Va is the max maneuvering speed where if you attempt a stall, you will damage the aircraft before you hit your stalling speed.
102
Why does maneuvering speed increase with weight?
Maneuvering speed increases with speed because as your weight increases, your stalling speed also increases, with also means your maneuvering speed increases. This means that you will be more likely to stall your aircraft before you are able to damage the aircraft AT A LOW WEIGHT, rather than a HIGH WEIGHT.
103
What altitude must you recover from spins? What about other exercises?
4,000' and 2,000' for other air exercises.
104
How do you get calibrated airspeed?
Indicated, WITH regards to the position of the pitot tube.
105
How do you get true airspeed?
Calibrated airspeed with density altitude (i.e. pressure altitude AND temperature).
106
What should you include on your passenger brief?
```
S - Seats & seatbelts
L - Luggage
E - Emergency exits
E - Extinguisher location
T - Tobacco
```
107
Why are the ailerons and flaps corrugated?
To make the control surfaces more rigid and it prevents fluttering.
108
Can you start the aircraft with the master switch off?
No. The starter will not engage.
109
Why should you be careful when touching the propeller?
In case of an event where there is a life mag, and the engine could start.
110
How are the magnetos powered?
Electrically powered.
111
How is the alternator driven?
Driven by the alternator belt that is engine-driven by the camshaft.
112
How long can an defect be deferred for?
A defect that does not affect the airworthiness can be deferred for up to 30 days.
113
Where are deferred defects recorded?
On the front page of the journey log.
114
What should you do if you discover a defect?
Call wither maintenance or dispatch. They will investigate the snag and determine the outcome (per WWFC).
115
What would happen if the alternator belt snapped?
The alternator can no longer supply electrical power, so all the electrical power will come from the battery, which will eventually become empty depending on how many amps you are drawing
116
What is the difference between a radio station license and a radio license?
The radio station license allows you to act as a radio station, transmitting in the FM wavelength.
The radio license allows the holder to legally operate the radio and the license is valid for life.
117
Why is the POH important to take on a flight?
It has all the information regarding the make and model of the aircraft. It allows you to research any information that might be needed while you are in the aircraft.
118
What is the difference between the weight and balance on the POH versus on the weight and balance report?
The weight and balance on the POH give a generic value of the weights.
The weight and balance report shows the actual weight of the exact aircraft and is prepared by the manufacturer.
Each aircraft differs in weight because of manufacturing techniques and optional equipment.
119
What is the difference between 100LL and 100?
100LL has a higher octane rating, meaning it is a richer fuel and gives better performance.
120
How would the airspeed, altimeter and VSI react to a blocked static port?
Airspeed would under-read in a climb and over-read in a descent, altimeter would freeze at the altitude at which it became blocked, and VSI would go to zero.
121
What are the major sources of error on the heading indicator?
- Earth's rotation
| - Bearing friction (mechanical)
122
In a sideslip, does your airspeed over-read or under-read?
Airspeed under reads in a left slip by 10kts, airspeed over reads by 5kts in a right slip.
123
What is the difference between leaning for best power and best economy?
Best power is leaning for peak EGT, then twisting in the mixture to get it running 50 degrees "rich" of the peak (2 ticks on gauge).
For best economy you lean for peak EGT and leave it there.
124
According to the POH, what altitude must you recover from a spin?
4,000ft AGL or more.
125
What would you do if you had a comm failure?
Exit controlled airspace, squawk 7600 and land at an ATF aerodrome.
126
What are the regulations for flying over open water?
If you are going beyond gliding distance from land, life preservers are required for all occupants on board. If travelling beyond 100 nautical miles, a life raft is required.
127
Name the three techniques you could use to get back on track.
- Visual method
- Double track error
- Opening and closing angles method
128
Define TAS, CAS, IAS.
TAS - is CAS corrected for pressure and temperature
CAS - is IAS corrected for pitot tube position error
IAS - is what you read on the instrument
129
What is the difference between maximum ramp weight and maximum takeoff weight?
Maximum takeoff weight is the maximum weight approved for the start of the takeoff roll.
Maximum ramp weight includes the fuel that will be used for start, taxi and run-up. Therefore maximum ramp weight will always be greater than maximum takeoff weight.
130
How often and by whom must the ELT be certified? Is an entry required in the journey logbook?
An ELT must be certified every year by an avionics shop. An entry must be made in the journey log.
131
What document lists the owner and purpose of the aircraft?
Certificate of Registration.
132
Minimum instrumentation for night VFR flight?
In addition to MOOFACTAR,
```
F - spare Fuses
A - Attitude indicator
T - Turn coordinator
D - Directional gyro
A - sensitive pressure Altimeter
P - Pitot heat
P - Position and anti-Collison lights
I - Instrument lights
L - Landing light
O - Outside air temperature gauge
V - Vertical speed indicator
```
133
What does the Supplements section of the POH tell you?
The Supplement section of the POH contains information detailing the operation procedures for both standard and optional equipment. It insures that all limitations and procedures are appropriate for the particular aircraft.
134
Minimum instrumentation for VFR flight?
```
M - Manifold pressure gauge / Tachometer
O - Oil temperature gauge
O - Oil pressure gauge
F - Fuel quantity indicator
A - Airspeed indicator
C - Compass
T - Time peice
A - Altimeter
R - Radiocommunication/radio navigation where applicable
```
135
What is the difference between our training POH and the POH found in the particular aircraft?
Weight and balance and various performance tables.
136
Where else can you find the weight and arm of the aircraft?
It is located in the journey log at the front page of the book.
137
What does Vref mean? How do you calculate it?
The reference landing approach speed of the aircraft when it is 50ft above the runway.
138
How would you snag an aircraft?
Leave a space open then on the 2nd line write in the defect and sign the journey log.
139
Where can the intercept orders be found?
CFS and TC AIM.
140
What is an airworthiness directive? Who issues them?
An airworthiness directive is issued by the manufacturer or the FAA and are mandatory instructions to carry mechanical work out on an aircraft to continue airworthiness on the aircraft.
141
What instruments use the pitot static system?
Airspeed, VSI, altimeter.
142
How do you calculate fuel for "contingency"?
20% of the fuel that you will use for the duration of the flight.
143
What is calibrated airspeed?
Indicated, WITH regards to the position of the pitot tube.
144
What is true airspeed?
Calibrated airspeed with density altitude (i.e. pressure altitude AND temperature).
145
How does the electrical system work? What does it consist of?
Aircraft is powered by a 28-volt durect current electrical system which is powered by a 60-amp alternator and a 24-volt battery.
146
What is the vaccum system? How does it work?
Vacuum system provides suction to the attitude and directional indicator (heading indicator). They consist of two engine-droven pumps.
147
What are the gyro instruments? How do they work?
Gyroscopic instruments are attitude indicator, heading indicator and turn coordinator. They are electrically driven but the attitude and heading indicator are vacuum powered.
148
What do you call the speed that gives the best lift-drag ratio?
Best glide speed.
149
In a climbing turn, which wing will stall first?
The higher wing will stall first.
150
In a dedcending turn, which wing will stall first?
The lower wing will stall first.
151
In a dedcending turn, which wing will stall first?
The lower wing will stall first.
152
In a dedcending turn, which wing will stall first?
The lower wing will stall first.
153
According to the POH, at what altitude must recovery from a spin be completed?
Recoveries shall be completed at 4,000ft AGL or above. At least 1,000ft should be lost during a 1-spin recovery.
154
Why is it dangerous to have flaps down during a spin?
Flaps tend to induce a flatter spin and Vfe will be dangerously exceeded during recovery.
155
Where do you find the weights of standard people?
In the TC AIM.
156
What does useful load refer to?
It is the weight difference between takeoff weight and basic empty weight; the load that is removable including the pilot.
157
What is payload?
It is the availible weight as passengers, baggage, etc. excluding the pilot and crew.
158
What is the datum line?
Normally located at the firewall in most GA airplanes, from which horizontal distances are measured for balance purposes.
159
What is MEF?
MEF - Minimum Elevation Figure
160
What are the regulations with flying over open water?
When traveling beyond gliding distance, life jackets are required. For travel over 100 nautical miles, life rafts are required.
161
What are three techniques you could use to get back on track?
- By landmark
- Double track error
- Opening and closing angles
162
What are the ways you can check the VOR?
1. Using 2 VORs (dual VOR check)
- Tune both VOR instruments to the same frequency
- Identify the VOR (select NAV1 & NAV2)
- Set OBS with a TO indication
- Check the course (+/- 4°)
2. VOT check
- Not really used anymore
- Some airports allow for it to be checked in the air and on the ground
3. VOR Checkpoint
- Look for sign at airport that lists the frequency and radial
- Tolerance of +/- 4°
4. Airborne VOR check
- Use a landmark (preferably at least 20NM from the station)
- Determine the radial you are on
- Tolerance of +/- 6°
