Flight Rules Flashcards
What are the VMC criteria for aircraft in Class A, C, E, or G above 10000ft?
Visibility: 8000m
Distance from cloud: 1500m horizontal, 1000 ft vertical
What are the VMC criteria for aircraft in Class A, C, E, or G below 10000ft?
Visibility: 5000m
Distance from cloud: 1500m horizontal, 1000 ft vertical
True or False. VFR may only be conducted in VMC.
True
When navigating by visual reference to the ground or water, what must a pilot do?
Positively fix the aircraft’s position by visual reference to features marked on topographical charts at intervals not exceeding 30 minutes.
When not navigating by visual reference to the ground or water, what must a pilot do?
Comply with the requirements of IFR flight, under regulation 91.287 and the associated MOS as if the flight were an IFR flight.
Can VFR flights be conducted at supersonic speeds?
No. VFR flights must be conducted at subsonic speeds and in accordance with speed restrictions.
CASR 91.283
Unless a pilot holds an appropriate rating (Command Instrument Rating or night VFR rating) and the aircraft is equipped for flight at night, a flight must not depart from an aerodrome __________
- Before first light or after last light; and
- Unless the estimated time of arrival (ETA) for the destination is at least 10 minutes before last light allowing for any required holding.
In which ICAO annex are the visual flight rules found?
Annex 2 - The Rules of the Air
Chapter 4 - Visual Flight Rules
If clearance has NOT been obtained, when shall VFR flights NOT take off or land where or enter what?
At an aerodrome within a control zone.
Or enter the aerodrome traffic zone or traffic pattern:
- when the ceiling is less than 450 m (1500 ft); or
- when the ground visibility is less than 5 km.
Unless authorised by the appropriate ATS authority, VFR flights shall not be operated _______
- above FL 200
- at transonic and supersonic speeds
When will VFR flights not be given authorisation to operate above FL 290?
Where a vertical separation minimum of 300 m (1000 ft) is applied above FL 290.
When is a VFR flight permitted to be flown less than 300m (1000ft) above the highest obstacle within 600m of the aircraft over congested areas?
When necessary for takeoff and landing, or with permission from the appropriate authority.
When is a VFR flight permitted to be flown less than 150m (500ft) above the highest obstacle within 600m of the aircraft over non-congested areas?
When necessary for takeoff and landing, or with permission from the appropriate authority.
Above what level should cruising levels be used?
Above 3000ft
When shall VFR aircraft comply with cruising levels?
- when operated within Class C and D airspace;
- when forming part of aerodrome traffic at controlled aerodromes; or
- when operated as special VFR flights
What shall an aircraft operated as VFR which wishes to change to compliance with IFR do?
- if a flight plan was submitted, communicate the necessary changes to be effected to its current flight plan; or
- submit a flight plan to the appropriate air traffic services unit and obtain a clearance prior to proceeding IFR when in controlled airspace
A VFR flight operating within or into areas, or along routes, designated by the appropriate ATS authority shall _______
maintain continuous air-ground voice communication watch on the appropriate communication channel of, and report its position as necessary to, the air traffic services unit providing flight information service.
When is VFR flight on top of more than SCT of cloud available?
When the following conditions are met:
- VMC can be maintained for the entire flight, including climb, cruise and descent.
- The visual position fixing requirements or other navigational requirements are met.
- Prior to conducting a flight on top of more than SCT cloud, the PIC must ensure that current forecasts and observations (including those available in-flight observations) indicate that conditions in the area of, and during the period of the planned descent below the cloud layer will permit the descent to be conducted in VMC.
- The position at which descent below cloud is planned to occur must be such as to enable continuation of the flight to the destination and, if required an alternate aerodrome in VMC
Before committing to operate VFR flight on top of more than SCT cloud, pilots should be _________
Confident that meteorological information used is reliable and current, and clearly indicates that the entire flight will be able to be conducted in VMC.
True or False: Pilots should not initiate VFR flight on top of more than SCT cloud when weather conditions are marginal.
True.
When an aircraft can’t be flown in accordance with the VFR, what must the pilot do?
Comply with the Instrument Flight Rules.
What are the pneumonics to assist in remember the directions associated with cruising levels?
WEEO - West Evens, East Odds
NOSE - North Odds, South Evens
At what levels will VFR flights cruise?
x000ft + 500
At what levels will IFR flights cruise?
x000ft
Below 3000ft should a VFR flight be flown at a cruising level appropriate to its magnetic track?
Yes, whenever practicable.
When may pilots request a level not conforming to the table of cruising levels?
When it is determined by the PIC to be essential to the safety of the flight and its occupants.
In such circumstances, the phrase “DUE OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT” must be included with the level change request.
When will ATC assign cruising levels not conforming to the cruising tables?
When traffic or other operational circumstances require.
What is a ‘special VFR clearance’?
A clearance permitting VFR flights to fly below VMC criteria.
What are pilots responsible for when operating under a special VFR clearance?
AIP ENR 1.2-1
- the flight is conducted clear of cloud;
- the visibility is not less than:
i. for aeroplanes, 1,600m;
ii. for helicopters, 800m; or
iii. for balloons, 100m below 500FT AGL and 3,000m at and above 50FT AGL; - A helicopter is operated at such a speed that the pilot has adequate opportunity to observe any obstructions or other traffic in sufficient time to avoid a collision; and
- the flight is conducted in accordance with the requirements of CASR 91 with regard to low flying.
In which class of airspace is special VFR clearance not permitted?
Class E
At night, VFR flights must be flown above ________
CASR 91.277 MOS12.03
- any published LSALT for the route or route segment
- any minimum sector altitude published in the AIP
- the LSALT for the route
- the lowest altitude for the route calculated in accordance with the
method prescribed in MOS 12.03 - 1,000 ft above the highest obstacle on the ground or water within 10
NM ahead of, and to either side of, the aircraft at that point on the route
or route segment
When is a VFR flight permitted to fly below the minimum height at night?
- When taking off or landing
- within 3 NM of the aerodrome when taking off or landing
- When flying in accordance with an air traffic control clearance.
What kinds of night VFR operations require more than a standard night VFR rating?
- an operation using a night vision imaging system, or
- a night aerial application operation below 500 ft AGL.
Where shall a signalling lamp be provided?
At a controlled aerodrome in the aerodrome control tower.
What capabilities does a signalling lamp require?
- should be capable of producing red, green and white signals;
- should be capable of being aimed manually at any target as required
What does a steady green signal to aircraft mean?
In flight: Authorised to land if pilot satisfied no collision risk exists
On the aerodrome: Authorised to take-off if pilot satisfied no collision risk exists