Flight

Question 1

Aircraft Stability

Answer 1

The tendency of an aircraft in flight to remain in straight and level flight, and to return to this attitude if disturbed without corrective action from the pilot.

Question 2

Static Stability

Answer 2

The initial tendency to return (initial ‘wave’ motion).

Question 3

Dynamic Stability

Answer 3

Overall tendency to return (diminishing ‘wave’ motion

Question 4

Inherent Stability

Answer 4

The stability of the airplane due to its in built features.

Question 5

Angle of Attack

Answer 5

Angle between chord line and relative airflow.

Question 6

Induced Drag

Answer 6

Created by lifting surfaces of aircraft, cannot be eliminated. Decreases as aircraft speed increases.

Question 7

Parasite Drag. 3 types. How to reduce each.

Answer 7

Form Drag- created by frontal form or shape of aircraft body. Reduced by retractable landing gear, no wing struts, streamlining.
Skin Friction- resistance of aircraft body to move through air. Reduce by keeping aircraft free of dirt, polishing, flush rivets.
Interference Drag- created by the joining of 2 aircraft parts. Struts to fuselage, wing to fuselage.
All 3 increase as aircraft speed increases.

Question 8

Lift explained by Newtons 3rd Law

Answer 8

Every action creates and equal and opposite reaction. Airflow is directed downwards by airfoil, creating the reaction of lift.

Question 9

Lift explained by Bernoulli’s Principle

Answer 9

As a stream of fluids velocity increases, pressure decreases. An airfoil’s shape causes the airflow overtop of the wing to speed up, causing pressure to decrease. With more pressure underneath the wing, lift is created.

Question 10

What are wing tip vortices. Explain ground effect.

Answer 10

Circular swirls of air created by an airfoil creating lift. Ground effect is when the aircraft is close to the ground, and created vortices are interrupted and the risk is minimized.

Question 11

What are wing flaps

Answer 11

High lift devices which increase the camber of the airfoil and in some cases increases surface area of the wing.

Question 12

What are the 3 axes of an aircraft. What is the name of movement that each one controls.

Answer 12

Longitudinal axis- nose to tail. Controls bank.
Lateral axis- wingtip to wingtip. Controls pitch.
Vertical axis- passes through center of aircraft as a vertical line. This movement is yaw.

Question 13

Which three instruments are in the pitot-static system. What information does each one show. What does each use to receive the information.

Answer 13

Altimeter- Shows height (altitude). Static port takes in air to read pressure.
Airspeed indicator- Show airspeed using the pitot tube.
Vertical speed indicator- indicates speed of climb/decent. Measures rate of pressure change in static system.

Question 14

What are the four strokes of an engine in order.

Answer 14

Induction, Compression, Ignition, Power

Question 15

4 requirements to act as a flight crew member.

Answer 15

Appropriate (and valid) permit, license, rating, medical certificate. The pilot must be able to produce the documents.

Question 16

What is a class in terms of aeroplanes.

Answer 16

Aeroplanes that have similar operating characteristics, example single engine SE, multi engine SME, centre-line thrust SCE, land aeroplanes L or sea aeroplanes S.

Question 17

5 examples of pilot rating.

Answer 17

VFR over the top, night, instrument, instructor, high performance(individual type ratings).

Question 18

CARS definition of a high performance aircraft. Includes maximum speed and stall speed.

Answer 18

Must be operable by a single pilot, max speed of 250 KIAS or greater and stall speed of 80 KIAS or greater.

Question 19

Student Pilot Permit info and requirements. Medical, age, restrictions.

Answer 19

Fly as PIC under instructor supervision. Day VFT only, no passengers allowed.
Requirements: 14 years or older, Cat 1,3, or 4 medical (valid for 60 months), pass PSTAR, proof of age and citizenship.

Question 20

Recreational Pilot Permit. Age, Medical cat and validation, formal testing

Answer 20

Minimum 16 yo, cat 1 3, or 4, valid for 60 months if under 40, if over 40 valid for 24 months. Ground school not needed, 60% on RPP exam OR PPL exam.

Question 21

Recreational Pilot Permit flight restrictions/privileges. Class, passengers, rating.

Answer 21

Single engine non high performance only, max seating 4, day VFR, max one passenger INSIDE CANADA.

Question 22

PPL. Age, med cat and val, school and testing.

Answer 22

17 yo, cat 1 or 3, valid for 60 months under 40 and 24 months over 40. 40 hours ground school and 60% on exam. Minimum 45 flight hours and pass flight test.

Question 23

What are the 4 medical categories and what are their limitations.

Answer 23

Cat 1: Airline Pilots, Commercial, Private, Rec, Student.
Cat 2: ATC ONLY
Cat 3: Private, Rec, or Student
Cat 4: Rec and student

Question 24

A PPL holder may… (3)

Answer 24

PIC or co pilot of an aeroplane of appropriate class and type in regards to the license rating.
PIC an ultra light
PIC or co pilot an aircraft for the holders flight training or flight test.

Question 25

PPL recency requirements (5 years)

Answer 25

The holder must have acted as PIC or Co within 5 years preceding any flight, OR within 12 months preceding the flight gone up with an instructor for a review AND taken the PSTAR again (for PPL and RPP). The flight instructor will mark in the pilots log that knowledge and ability is satisfactory.

Question 26

PPL 24 month Recency requirements.

Answer 26

Complete recurrent training program within 24 months preceding the flight. This could be a flight review with an instructor, OR a seminar (Transport Canada, Rust Remover, etc.

Question 27

6 month recency requirements PPL (passenger carrying)

Answer 27

When a passenger other than a flight instructor is on board, within 6 months preceding the flight:
For a day flight, 5 night OR day takeoffs, and 5 night OR day landings.
For a night flight, 5 NIGHT takeoffs and 5 NIGHT landings.

Question 28

CAR definition of an airplane (3 components)

Answer 28

1. Power Driven
2. Heavier than air
3. Surfaces that remain fixed during flight