Flight Flashcards
properties of air
Air has mass
Takes up space
Exerts pressure (pushes on objects)
Has temperature
Can be compressed
Is affected by altitude
Hot air rises, cold air sinks
yes
Bernoulli’s Principle
The wing has to be shaped as an airfoil (teardrop with flat bottom).
This way the air moves faster over the top of the wing, and creates an
area of low pressure. The higher pressure under the wing pushes up
(creating lift).
How does lift overcome gravity
lift has to be greater – to get lift to be
greater, you have to create a lot of speed through thrust.
4 Forces of Flight
Lift (upward)
Gravity (downward)
Thrust (forward)
Drag (resistant)
What happens when one of the four forces of flight is greater than the other
If the equilibrium is changed, the aircraft could accelerate upward forward or decelerate
What is aerodynamics?
the study of how air moves around things
provide examples of things with an aerodynamic design.
sports car, blimp, plane , helicopter
What is flight
the action or process of flying through the air
the history of flight. What are some significant events, and when did they happen?
In 1903 the wright brothers manned and controlled the first sustained human flight in a plane. In the 5 century BCE, the kite was invented in China and was one of the first forms of human-made aircraft.
the history of flight. What are some significant events, and when did they happen?
In 1903 the wright brothers manned and controlled the first sustained human flight in a plane. In the 5 century BCE, the kite was invented in China and was one of the first forms of human-made aircraft.
the history of flight. What are some significant events, and when did they happen?
In 1903 the wright brothers manned and controlled the first sustained human flight in a plane. In the 5 century BCE, the kite was invented in China and was one of the first forms of human-made aircraft.
the history of flight. What are some significant events, and when did they happen?
In 1903 the wright brothers manned and controlled the first sustained human flight in a plane. In the 5 century BCE, the kite was invented in China and was one of the first forms of human-made aircraft.
the history of flight. What are some significant events, and when did they happen?
In 1903 the wright brothers manned and controlled the first sustained human flight in a plane. In the 5 century BCE, the kite was invented in China and was one of the first forms of human-made aircraft.
the history of flight. What are some significant events, and when did they happen?
In 1903 the wright brothers manned and controlled the first sustained human flight in a plane. In the 5 century BCE, the kite was invented in China and was one of the first forms of human-made aircraft.
the history of flight. What are some significant events, and when did they happen?
In 1903 the wright brothers manned and controlled the first sustained human flight in a plane. In the 5 century BCE, the kite was invented in China and was one of the first forms of human-made aircraft.
the history of flight. What are some significant events, and when did they happen?
In 1903 the wright brothers manned and controlled the first sustained human flight in a plane. In the 5 century BCE, the kite was invented in China and was one of the first forms of human-made aircraft.
the history of flight. What are some significant events, and when did they happen?
In 1903 the wright brothers manned and controlled the first sustained human flight in a plane. In the 5 century BCE, the kite was invented in China and was one of the first forms of human-made aircraft.
How can you alter flight
Adding a propeller to the front of a plane. The engine is shut off in flight. The length of the wings is increased.!00 passengers board the plane
What are the components of an airplane
Fuselage
Cockpit
Wings
Tail or Empennage
Engine
Propeller
Landing gear
elevators
horizontal stabilizer
vertical stabilizer
rudder
located on the tail (located on the back of the vertical
stabilizer
How does a propeller work
Air moves from high-pressure to low pressure
Parachutes
Operate with the force of drag / air resistance
More surface area ‘catches’ more air, more resistance = less speed
yes
Less surface area ‘catches’ less air, less resistance = more speed
yes
Terminal Velocity
when a falling object reaches its maximum speed –
gravity and drag are equal
Hot Air Balloons
Hot air rises, cold air sinks
More space between molecules, less molecules in the space, less
pressure/weight (warm air)
Less space between the molecules, more molecules packed into the
space, more pressure/weight (cold air)
Turn on propane burners and shoot hot air into the envelope – pushes
cold air out the bottom
To get the hot air balloon to rise: drop sandbags & keep firing the
burner to increase the amount of hot air in the envelope
To get the balloon to descend: pull the string to open the top of the
envelope, let some hot air out, and then close it
To go side to side/steer: you have to navigate higher or lower into the
right air current (different heights blow different ways)
Parts: envelope, parachute value, burners, basket, skirt, panels,
propane tanks, seams
Aircraft vs. Spacecraft. What are some similarities & differences between airplanes and rockets?
In space, there is no air, so a spacecraft cannot be designed the same as an aircraft. There won’t be drag or lift, so planes cannot fly. A spacecraft will need to rely on thrust to maneuver safely. Also, spacecraft have to carry their own air along in the form of oxidizer, since there is no air to make the engines work. That’s why jet engines can’t work in space, so rocket engines must be used instead.
Flight in Nature
Wing shapes, movements of wings, design of feathers, parts (muscles
and bones) of animals, evolution (how things came/learned to fly) –
adaptations (changes to the body), how they land/take off
Independent variables
Dependent variables
controlled variables
The independent variable is one single factor that is changed by the scientist followed by observation to watch for changes. …
The dependent variable is the factor that changes as a result of the change to the independent variable.
The controlled variables (or constant variables) are factors that the scientist wants to remain constant if the experiment is to show accurate results
Ailerons
located on the wings (at the back on the outside
Elevators
located on the tail (on the tail on the horizontal
stabilizer)
Horizontal Stabilizer
located on the tail
vertical stabilizer
located on the tail
Pitch
created by Elevators moving up/down in pairs (moves
the nose up/down)
Roll
created by Ailerons moving up/down opposite to each
other (banks sideways)
Yaw –
created by Rudder side to side (moves the nose from
side to side)
