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LA sx Q's shuffled > Flexural and Angular Deformities > Flashcards

Flexural and Angular Deformities Flashcards

1
Q

What is an angular deformity?

A

Postural deformities in the frontal plane of the limbs

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2
Q

What are causes of congenital deformities?

A 
Uterine malposition 
Genetics 
Teratogenic agents 
Mare nutrition 
Viral/bacterial infection in mare 
Mare goiter 
Sudan grass ingestion
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3
Q

What are the attachments of the inferior check ligaments?

A

From deep digital flexor tendon to the proximal end of metacarpal

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4
Q

What are conservative methods for treating a carpal flexural deformity?

A

Exercise — stretching of tendons
Shoeing — toe extensions (pushes the fetlock back)
Splints
Oxytetracycline —> binds Ca leading to muscle relaxation
Cast

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5
Q

What is another name for contracted tendons causing deformity at the distal interphalangeal joint?

A

Club-foot

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6
Q

Treatment for club foot?

A

Controlled exercise
Reduce food intake
Trim heel toe extension

Inferior check ligament desmotomy

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7
Q

How can you analyze the pivot point ?

A

Radiograph limb

Cellulose acetate overlay —> trace bone outlines

Bisect the long bone axis
OR
Place lines through joint space

Measure angle

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8
Q

What do you call a lateral deviation of the limbs?

A

Valgus

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9
Q

Clinical signs of club-foot?

A

“Boxy” appearance
Growth at hells
Break in hoof pastern angle
Weight bearing on toe

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10
Q

Surgical treatment of a extensor tendon rupture is ______________ and the treatment for club foot is __________

A

Superior tendon desmotomy; inferior check tendon desmotomy.

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11
Q

What do you call a medial deviation of the limbs

A

Varus

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12
Q

How can you diagnose angular limb deformities?

A

Observation
Limb manipulation
Radiographs

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13
Q

How does a flexor tendon rupture appear and what might be another ddx for this?

A

Flexion at hock —dropped forward

Radial nerve paralysis —> knuckling

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14
Q

What surgical method inhibits growth at the physis?

A

Transphyseal bridging
—screws and cerclage wire
—staples

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15
Q

What are causes of articular deviation ?

A 
Periarticular laxity 
Incomplete ossification of carpal bones 
Hypothyroidism 
Limb confirmation 
—overloading 
—Physeal (trauma/infection) 
Twins
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16
Q

At what joints are flexural deformities usually located?

A

Fetlock and carpus

Coffin joint is rare

17
Q

What are clinical signs of digital hyperextending?

A

Toe elevated from the ground

Skinking fetlock

18
Q

What are the attachments of the superior check ligament?

A

Attaches from superficial digital flexor to the mid radius

19
Q

What is the surgical procedure for correction of bilateral contracted tendons?

A

Digital flexor tenotomy

20
Q

What tendons are involved in flexural deformities?

A

SDF
DDF
Suspensory lig
Joint capsule

21
Q

What are the 3 possible surgical treatments for angular limb deformities?

A

Hemicircumferential periostal transection and elevation (periosteal stripping)

Growth retardation (temporary transphyseal bridging) 
—screws/wires/staples

Corrective osteotomy

22
Q

What surgical methods can be used to treat extensor tendon rupture ?

A

Superior check ligament desmotomy

—> removes stress from SDFT to the muscular portion

23
Q

What surgical method accelerates growth at the physis?

A

Hemicircumferential periostal transection and elevation (periosteal stripping)

24
Q

What joints can be affected by angular limb deformities?

A

Carpus
Tarsus
Metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal

25
Q

What is the prognosis for a digital flexor tenotomy?

A

Usually good

Full recovery in 2weeks

26
Q

What are conservative treatments for angular limb deformities?

A 
Stall rest 
Hoof trimming 
External support 
—splint 
—cast
27
Q

What is a flexural deformity?

A

Hyperflexion of a limb and results from disparity in length of the musculotendinous unit relative to bone length

28
Q

How does prolonged external coaptation lead to tendon laxity?

A

Immobilization

Weakening of soft tissue supporting structures —> articular and tendon laxity
Rapid in foals

29
Q

What can cause an aquired flexor tendon laxity?

A 
OCD 
Arthritis (septic)
Wounds 
Trauma 
—> all causing pain

Prolonged external coaptation

30
Q

What type of shoe could you use for conservative management of digital hyperextension?

A

Shoe with extended heel —-> support the back

31
Q

What type of shoes can help fix angular deformities?

A

Dalmer shoes

Contain extensions laterally or medially

32
Q

Common sites for acquired tendon laxity?

A

Metacarpophalangeal joint (fetlock)

Distal interphalangeal joint (coffin)

33
Q

When is corrective osteotomy indicated for angular deformities?

A

In animals over a year.. no more growth occurring..

Cannot stimulate or decrease growth by other methods

34
Q

What are the locations of “pivot points” in angular deformities?

A

Growth plate

Joint space

35
Q

What is the cause of club foot?

A

Fast growing foals
Bone grows faster than tendons

Pain

36
Q

T/F: flexor tendon rupture looks similar to tendon laxity

A

True

Both have raised toes and dropped hocks

LA sx Q's shuffled (9 decks)

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