FLEET ENEMA Flashcards
is a solution introduced into the rectum and large intestine.
Enema
The action of an enema is to distend the ___ and sometimes to irritate the _____, thereby increasing _____ and the excretion of feces and flatus.
intestine; intestinal mucosa; peristalsis
Enema solution should be at ___ degrees Celsius because the solution that is too cold or too hot is uncomfortable and causes _____.
37.7 degrees Celsius; cramping
PURPOSES OF ADMINISTERING ENEMA
PREVENT THE ESCAPE OF ___ DURING SURGERY
FECES
PURPOSES OF ADMINISTERING ENEMA
PREPARE THE INTESTINE FOR CERTAIN ______ SUCH AS X-RAY OR VISUALIZATION TESTS (E.G. COLOSCOPY)
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
PURPOSES OF ADMINISTERING ENEMA
REMOVE FECES IN INTSANCES OF _____ OR ______.
CONSTIPATION OR IMPACTION
Exert osmotic pressure, which draws fluid from the interstitial space into the colon. The increased volume in the colon stimulates peristalsis and hence defecation.
Hypertonic solutions
A commonly used hypertonic enema is the commercially prepared _______.
Fleet phosphate enema
Example tap water, exert a lower osmotic pressure than the surrounding interstitial fluid, causing water to move from the colon into the interstitial space. Before the water moves from the colon, it stimulates peristalsis and defecation. Because the water moves out of the colon, the tap water enema should not be repeated because of the danger of circulatory overload when the water moves from the interstitial space into the circulatory system.
Hypotonic solutions
Such as physiologic (normal) saline, are considered the safest enema solutions to use. They exert the same osmotic pressure as the interstitial fluid surrounding the colon. Therefore, there is no fluid movement into or out of the colon. The instilled volume of saline in the colon stimulates peristalsis. Soapsuds enemas stimulate peristalsis by increasing the volume in the colon and irritating the mucosa. Only pure soap (i.e Castile soap) should be used in order to minimize mucosa irritation.
Isotonic solutions
Positions in Administering Enemas: (3)
- Left Lateral Recumbent
- Dorsal-recumbent position
- Right Lateral recumbent
is given primarily to expel flatus. The solution instilled into the rectum releases gas, which in turn distends the rectum and the colon, thus stimulating peristalsis. For an adult 60 to 80 ml of fluid is instilled.
Carminative enema
introduces oil or medication into the rectum and sigmoid colon. The liquid is retained for a relatively long period (e.G. 1-3 hours). An oil retention enema acts to soften the feces and to lubricate the rectum and anal canal, thus facilitating passage of the feces
Retention enema
are used to treat infections locally.
Antibiotic enemas
to kill helminths such as worms and intestinal parasites
antihelmintic enemas