Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Small Animal medicine Dermatology Section > Flea and Tick control > Flashcards

Flea and Tick control Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

When you find Flea eggs in your house, how did they likely get there?

A

Adult fleas prefer to live on the host. they lay their smooth eggs on the host. these eggs are displaced/dislodged due to movement such as the patient jumping off the couch, or going up stairs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does it mean when it says larvae are geotactic and phototactic

A

They seek to go deeper away from light. this is a protective mechanism. They go under the bed. they travel several feet. The environment of a carpet is ideal for a flea life cycle even if the rest of the room is not adequate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When considering the distribution of life stages. the adult fleas we find with a flea comb composes what % of the flea infestation?

A

Live adult fleas compose 1% of the flea infestation Larva are 57% of the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some properties of parasiticides when approaching flea and tick control

A
  • Efficacy -> knockdown, residual effects - Ease of Application -> pet and premise - Cost - Owner acceptance - Toxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are detrimental effects of flea infestations?

A
  • mechanical irritation - anemia - Vectors of infectious diseases - parasites (diplidium caninum- Tapeworms) etc. - Dermatologic conditions - flea infestation - Flea allergy (flea bite hypersensitivity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are methods for diagnosis of fleas

A

direct observation of the adults or flea excrement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does flea Allergy Dermatitis work

A

This is a flea bite hypersensitivity

  • flea injects salivary proteins (haptens) during feeding
    • May act as complete allergen or as a hapten by combining with dermal collagen proteins to form an antigen
  • Severe allergic reaction ensues
  • Mechanisms of hypersensitivity
    • Type 1
    • Type IV
    • Cutaneous basophylic hypersensitivity
    • Late phase reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clinical features of fleas

A

severe pruritus

fleas may or may not be present (if clients bathe them)

Physical findings

  • Dogs: dorsal lumbar area, caudal aspect of rear legs, ventrum
  • Cats: similar to dogs…. or reaction patterns (miliary dermatitis, eosinophilic dermatitis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Therapy for Flea Allergic Dermatitis

A
  • Flea control
    • ideal to prevent the bite
    • in some geographic areas, vets will double up on products, but use products with different mechanisms of action
  • Glucocorticoid therapy
    • Prednisone at anti-inflammatory doses to control the inflammatory reaction
    • Treat for 3-4 weeks to allow flea control to be effective
  • Treat secondary infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the philosophy behind flea control

A

control flea population on pet and in environment

All pets in the household should be treated

Minimize toxicity- use a multidisciplinary approach

Use integrated approach to reduce toxicity and maximize effectiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a holistic insecticide

A

Silica aerogel

Borates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the difference between Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids?

A

Pyrethroids are synthetically derived. Pyrethrins are derived from chrysanthemums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Can cats receive Pyrethroids or Pyrethrins?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What product is Cyphenothorin

A

Parastar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What product is Flumethrin

A

seresto collar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the knockdown and residual action for Pyrethrins?

A

Good knockdown but poor residual action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the knockdowna nd residual action of Pyrethroids

A

Decent knockdown and more residual effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the chemical class for imidacloprid

A

Advantage

neonicotinoid

Neurotoxin of chloronicotinyl nitro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the difference between Advantage and Advantage II

A

Advantage contains pyriproxyfen which is an insect growth regulator

20
Q

What is Advantix

A

Imidacloprid containing Permethrins

This is not to be used in cats.

21
Q

What is Moxidectin used for

A

Heartworm prevention

22
Q

What are advantages of Imidacloprids

A

not systemically absorbed

approved for dogs >7 weeks and cats >8 weeks of age

allegedly effective when wet

23
Q

What chemical class is Nitenpyram?

A

Chemical Class: Neonicotinoid

Examples: capstar

Neurotoxin.

Ideal for treating fleas in dogs entering a hospital because of the effective knockout

24
Q

Can Dinotefuran be used with Imidacloprid?

A

This should not be used in combination. this product is a 3rd generation neonicotinoid and could cause toxicityW

25
Q
A
25
Q

What product is Dinotenfuran

A

Vectra 3D for dogs

Vectra for cats

26
Q

What Chemical class is Fipronil

A

Chemical class: Phenylprazole (acts as a neurotoxin)

Effective rapidly

27
Q

What is an advantage of Fipronil?

A

Effective even when animal is wet

Approved for puppies and kittens older than 8 weeks of age.

Effective vs. ticks

28
Q

What are disadvantages of Fipronil

A

may need to be applied more frequently such as every 2-3 weeks

Toxicc to environment

29
Q

What chemical class is Selamectin

A

Macrocytic lactone

-potentiates release and effects of the neurotransmitter, GABA

30
Q

what are selamectin uses

A

flea control

Controls ear mites

Treatment for sarcoptic mange and notoedric mange

Heartworm preventative

Hookworm and roundworm infections

Tick control

31
Q

What are safety concerns for the use of Selamectin?

A

safe in 6 week- old pups/kittens at 10x dose

safe at recommended doses in ivermectin-sensitive Collie dogs

Safe in breeding males and pregnant/lactating females

Safe in dogs and cats with oral dose

-hypersalivation/vomiting in cats

32
Q

Spinetoram chemical class

A

Chemical Class: Spinosyn (newer formulation of spinosad)

applied topically in cats.

33
Q

What chemical class is Indoxacarb

A

Oxadiazine

  • sodium channel blocker
  • ingested by fleas, converted to active agent (mammals metabolize differently)

For dogs it is combined with permethrins

34
Q

How do Isoxazoline parasiticides work

A

Block insect GABA and glutamate-gated chlorine channels

All appear to have excellent flea control

Effective against most/all ticks for 1-2 months.

35
Q

Afoxolaner

A

Nexgard

Isoxazoline class- inhibits GABA and L glutamate-gated chloride channels

Currently labeled for flea and tick control

36
Q

Fluralaner explanation

A

Isoxazoline class- inhibits GABA and L-glutamate-gated chloride channels

99% effective against fleas and ticks

Reported effective vs. D.canis (demodex)

37
Q

Isoxazoline parasiticides combinations

simparica trio and revolution plus

A
  • Simparica trio
    • sarolaner,moxidectin, pyrantel
    • fleas, ticks, heartworm, intestinal parasites
  • Revolution Plus
    • Selamectin, serolaner
    • Fleas, ticks, ear mites, intestinal parasites, heartworm.
38
Q

Spinosad

A

chemical Class: spinosyn - activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Product: Comfortis

Chewable, beef-flavored tablet given once monthly

efficacy: begins killing within 30 minutes

DON’T use with Ivermectin

39
Q

How does the Seresto collar work

A

contains imidacloprid and flumethrin

flea, tick, chewing lice, mange

up to 8 months of protection

40
Q

What are insect growth regulators: Juvenile hormone analogs

A

Methoprene

Pyreproxifen

Fenoxycarb

41
Q

How does Methoprene work

A

IGR- juvenile hormone analog

not UV stabile

Products: frontline plus, ovitrol flea collars, several generic OTC products

42
Q

Pyriproxyfen description

A

IGR-juvenile hormone analog (carbamate)

Advantages - stabile in UV light

Available as premise sprays

Product: knockout- has permethrin in it

Frontline Gold (for dogs or cats)-Fipronil, Methoprene, pyriproxyfen

43
Q

Lufenuron

A

insect development inhibitor- chitin inhibitor

Product: Sentinel

given orall once monthly or by SC injection in cats

Advantages: easy to administer

CAN BE USED AS A STAND ALONE PRODUCT

44
Q

What is the benefit of microencapsulation

A

reduces toxicity

May change the pharmacokinetics of the drug

These products are not available anymoer

45
Q

What are physical methods of flea Control?

A

Pet- bathing and flea combs

Premise- Vacuum, clean carpets and area rugs

46
Q

end of deck

A

Small Animal medicine Dermatology Section (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions