Flaws Flashcards
Define ‘Tu Quoque’
An attempt to justify an action on the basis that someone else is doing it.
Define ‘Hasty Generalisation’
Draws a general conclusion from insufficient evidence.
Define Sweeping generalisation’
A generalisation that moves from some or many to all, creating a stereotype.
Define ‘unwarranted assumption of a casual relationship,’
Reasoning that assumes a casual connection without good reason.
Define ‘confusing correlation and cause’ and ‘post hoc’
Assuming one thing causes the other.
Post hoc is where A happened before B, therefore A causes B.
Define ‘Oversimplifying cause and effect’
Oversimplifying the cause, disregarding other explanations or solutions.
Define ‘confusing cause and effect’
Treating the cause as the effect.
Define ‘restricting the options’
Presents a limited picture of choices available in a situation in order to support one particular option.
Define ‘slippery slope’
Reasons from one possibility, through a series of events that are not properly or logically linked, to an extreme consequence.
Define ‘circular argument’
An argument in which one of the reasons is the same as the conclusion, or you have to assume the conclusion is correct for the reasons to make sense.
Define ‘confusing necessary and sufficient conditions’
An argument that assumes that a necessary condition is also sufficient or vice versa.
Define ‘ad hominem’
A form of reasoning that dismisses the opposing view, by attacking the person rather than addressing their reasoning.
Define ‘straw person’
This flaw misrepresents or distorts an opposing view in order to dismiss it.
Define ‘conflation’
Bringing together two or more different concepts and treating them as the same thing.
Obease and unfit
Define ‘Arguing from one thing to another’
Reasoning which uses a reason about one thing to support a conclusion about something different.
