flashcards_midterm_study_short

Question 1

Argument

Answer 1

A set of reasons given to support or oppose a claim.

Question 2

Premise

Answer 2

A statement providing support for a conclusion.

Question 3

Conclusion

Answer 3

The statement that is supported by premises.

Question 4

Dialogue

Answer 4

A conversation between participants to present opposing views.

Question 5

Deductive Argument

Answer 5

An argument where, if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

Question 6

Inductive Argument

Answer 6

An argument where, if the premises are true, the conclusion is probably true.

Question 7

Presumptive Argument

Answer 7

An argument leading to a plausible but not certain conclusion.

Question 8

Valid Argument

Answer 8

A deductive argument where true premises guarantee a true conclusion.

Question 9

Sound Argument

Answer 9

A valid argument with all true premises.

Question 10

Cogent Argument

Answer 10

A strong inductive argument with true premises.

Question 11

Modus Ponens

Answer 11

If A, then B. A is true, so B must be true.

Question 12

Modus Tollens

Answer 12

If A, then B. B is false, so A must be false.

Question 13

Hypothetical Syllogism

Answer 13

If A, then B. If B, then C. Therefore, if A, then C.

Question 14

Appeal to Expert Opinion

Answer 14

An argument using an expert’s opinion as evidence.

Question 15

Appeal to Popular Opinion

Answer 15

An argument using general acceptance as evidence.

Question 16

Argument by Analogy

Answer 16

An argument claiming one case is similar to another.

Question 17

Rebuttal

Answer 17

A counter-argument opposing the original conclusion.

Question 18

Contradiction

Answer 18

Two statements that directly oppose each other.

Question 19

Inconsistent Statements

Answer 19

Statements that cannot all be true at the same time.

Question 20

Syllogism

Answer 20

A deductive argument with two premises and a conclusion.

Question 21

Categorical Proposition

Answer 21

A statement asserting a relationship between categories.

Question 22

Venn Diagram

Answer 22

A diagram showing relationships between sets.

Question 23

Generalization

Answer 23

A statement that applies a property to all members of a group.

Question 24

Defeasible Generalization

Answer 24

A generalization that allows for exceptions.

Question 25

Inductive Generalization

Answer 25

A generalization based on evidence about some individuals.

Question 26

Burden of Proof

Answer 26

The responsibility to provide evidence for a claim.

Question 27

Critical Question

Answer 27

A question evaluating the strength of an argument.

Question 28

Existential Statement

Answer 28

A statement asserting that at least one individual exists with a property.

Question 29

Plausibility

Answer 29

The quality of seeming reasonable or probable.

Question 30

Inconsistency

Answer 30

A logical flaw where statements cannot all be true.

Question 31

Popular Practice Argument

Answer 31

An argument using the popularity of a practice as evidence.