Flashcards Unit 1
What is an activity space?
The location where regular behaviours occur.
What was the agricultural revolution?
The transition from hunting and gathering to planting and sustaining.
What is AIDS?
AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the body’s immune system is badly damaged because of the virus.
What is arable land?
A form of agricultural land use, meaning land that can be used for growing crops.
What is arithmetic growth?
The situation where a population increases by a constant number of persons (or other objects) in each period being analysed.
What is arithmetic population density?
The calculation of how many people are living in a specific area of land.
What is awareness space?
Knowledge of opportunity activities well beyond the normal activity space.
What is carrying capacity?
The environment’s maximal load.
What is chain migration?
Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.
What is circulation?
Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.
What is critical distance?
The distance beyond which cost, effort, and means strongly influence our willingness to travel.
What is a crude birth rate?
The number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.
What is a crude death rate?
The number of deaths in a given period divided by the population exposed to risk of death in that period.
What is demographic momentum?
The tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution.
What is the demographic transition theory?
A tool demographers use to categorise countries’ population growth rates and economic structures.
What is demography?
The statistical study of human populations.
What is density?
The number of things—which could be people, animals, plants, or objects—in a certain area.
What is dislocation?
Placement in a location other than the original location.
What is distance decay?
Describes how the strength of a relationship between people, places, or systems decreases as the separation between them increases.
What is are dot maps?
Maps that use dot symbols to show the presence or quantity of a phenomenon.
What is a doubling rate?
The amount of time it takes for the population of a region to double.
What is emigration?
Leaving one country to move to another.
What is an endemic?
Commonly found within a certain area, but not commonly found outside that area.
What is the epidemiologic transition (mortality revolution)?
Describes changing patterns of population distributions in relation to changing patterns of mortality, fertility, life expectancy, and leading causes of death.
What is ethnicity?
Identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth.
What is exponential growth?
Growth as a percentage of the total population.
What is female infanticide?
The intentional killing of baby girls due to the preference for male babies and from the low value associated with the birth of females.
What is forced migration?
The coerced movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region.
What is the geometric rate?
Compound growth over discrete periods.
What is a gravity model?
The interaction between two places can be determined by the product of the population of both places, divided by the square of their distance from one another.
What is immigration?
The process of moving to a new country or region with the intention of staying and living there.
What is the Industrial Revolution?
A period of rapid development of industry that started in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
What is the infant mortality rate?
The number of infant deaths (children under 5 years old) per 1,000 live births.
What is in-migration?
To move into or come to live in a region or community especially as part of a large-scale and continuing movement of population compare out-migrate.
What is internal migration?
The voluntary migration of people within their own country.
What is inter-regional migration?
The movement from one region of a country to another.
What are intervening obstacles?
What is an intervening opportunity?
An object that interferes with how humans arrive at their destinations.
What is intra-regional migration?
The permanent movement within one region of a country.
What is life expectancy?
The age a person can expect to live based on the statistical average for an area. It varies by location and by era.
What is linear growth?
Growth that occurs evenly across each unit over time.
Who is Thomas Malthus?
Thomas Malthus’ theory of population growth proposed the idea that exponential increases in the population growth would surpass arithmetical increases in the food supply and lead to widespread famine.
What is migration?
The physical movement of people from one place to another.
What is migration selectivity?
The tendency for certain types of people to migrate.
What is natural increase?
The difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year, divided by the mid-year population of that year, multiplied by a factor (usually 1,000).
What are neo-Malthusians?
Believe that the population of the world is growing too quickly for the scale of agricultural production to keep up.
What is a net migration rate?
The difference between the number of immigrants (people coming into an area) and the number of emigrants (people leaving an area) throughout the year.
What is the one child policy?
A program in China that limited most Chinese families to one child each.
What is out-migration?
The movement of people out of one region of a country to live in another region of the same country.
What is overpopulation?
The state whereby the human population rises to an extent exceeding the carrying capacity of the ecological setting.
What is a pandemic?
The worldwide spread of a new disease.
What is physiological population density?
The number of people per unit area of arable land.
What is population concentration?
The concentration of individuals within a species in a specific geographic locale.
What is population explosion?
What is population geography?
A crisis in which population growth occurs in countries ill- prepared to handle the growing numbers of people.
What is a population pyramid?
A way to visualise two variables: age and gender.
What are pull factors?
“Pull” people to a new home and include things like better opportunities.
What are push factors?
“Push” people to a new home and include things like better opportunities.
What is race?
The idea that the human species is divided into distinct groups on the basis of inherited physical and behavioural differences.
Who is Ernst Ravenstein?
Ernst Ravenstein established a theory of human migration in the 1880s that still forms the basis for modern migration theory.
What are refugees?
People who must leave their home area for their own safety or survival. A refugee’s home area could be a country, state, or region. People become refugees for many reasons, including war, oppression, natural disasters, and climate change.
What are restrictive population policies?
Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase.
What is the space-time prism?
Envelops the spatial and temporal opportunities for travel and activity participation within a time frame; is a fundamental concept in time geography.
What is spatial interaction?
A basic concept that considers how locations interact with each other in terms of the movement of people, freight, services, energy, or information.
What is the stationary population level?
The level at which a population cannot grow any more.
What is step migration?
Type of gradual migration, from farm to village to town to big city; happens in a series of steps. It is a common way by which rural families arrive in an urban setting.
What is the total fertility rate?
An estimate of the average number of children born to each female in her childbearing years.
What is voluntary migration?
Occurs when someone chooses to leave home.
What is zero population growth?
The absence of population growth in which equal birth and death rates create a stable human population.
