flashcards ng cute
opening in the earth’s crust from which lava, ash, and hot gases flow or are ejected during an eruption.
volcano
It is the mouth or the opening of the volcano.
crater
A channel or pipe conveying liquid materials such as magma.
conduit
Is a hot fluid or semi-fluid material below or within the earth’s crust
that is usually made from molten rocks inside the earth.
magma
The rock or magma is expelled from a volcano during an eruption.
Formation of volcano
Lava
It is dependent on the plates which form the top layer on the mantle
formation by subduction
A region of high volcanic activity not located at any plate boundary
hotspot
are currently active if it is erupting lava, releasing gas or generating seismic activity. An active volcano is labelled dormant if it has not erupted for a long time but could erupt again in the future
active volcanoes
are volcanoes that are not currently active, but may be either dormant or extinct or of otherwise uncertain inactive volcanic status.
inactive volcanoes
It has a broad, gently sloping landform built by many layers of low-viscous lava flows which cannot be filed up into steep mounds.
Shield volcanoes
A type of volcano that has a steep conical hill formed above a vent that is composed mostly of basalt
cinder cone volcanoes
Is one constructed of alternating layers of pyroclastic materials and solidified lava flows.
with high silica content
composite volcanoes
It is a volcanic crater that is formed when a part of the wall of the crater collapses following an explosive eruption.
usually triggered by the emptying of the margins chamber beneath the volcano as the result of a large volcanic eruption
caldereta joke caldera
it is a stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water
A Steam- Blast eruptions as a hot rock comes in contact with water.
phreatic eruption
IT IS A VIOLENT ERUPTION DUE TO THE CONTACT BETWEEN WATER AND MAGMA RESULTING IN A VIOLENT FINE ASH ERUPTION
Phreatomagmatic eruption
It is a period of weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava.
Strombolian
It is characterized by a tall eruption that reaches up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra
vulcanian eruption
It is an excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastics.
plinian eruption
Volcano eruptions whichtake place beneath the surface of water. These occur at constructive margins, subduction zones and within tectonic plates due to hotspots. This eruption style is far more prevalent than subaerial activity
submarine eruption
Volcanic eruption
Factors that triggers volcanic eruptions
landslides
earthquake
A type of volcanic eruption in terms of activity which are characterized by a gas-driven explosion that propels magma and tephra.
explosive eruptions
are characterized by outpourings of lava on to the ground
effusive eruptions
the energy generated and stored on the earth that can be extracted in either a heat pump system or hot dry conversion
Geothermal energy
70% comes from the decay of radioactive nuclei with long half lives that are embedded within the Earth.
Sources of earth’s internal energy
As the name implies these are reservoirs of hot underground water. There is a large amount of them in the US, but they are more suited for space heating than for electricity production.
hot water reservoirs
a hole dug into the ground can cause steam to come to the surface. This type of resource is rare in the US.
natural steam reservoirs
DIRECT USES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IS
APPROPRIATE FOR SOURCES BELOW 1500C
space heating
air conditioning
industrial processes
drying
Greenhouses
Agriculture
hot water
resorts and pools
melting snow
HOW DIRECT USES WORK
Direct Sources function by sending water down a well to be heated by the Earth’s warmth.
Then a heat pump is used to take the heat from the underground water to the substance that heats the house.
Then after the water it is cooled is injected back into the Earth.
Is a type of power plant, water is pumped from the reservoir under high pressure.
flash team powerplants
This type of geothermal power plant does not use water or steam to turn the turbine blades for power generation.
Binary cycle power plants
Factors that affect climate
Latitude
Altitude
Bodies of water
Topography
Ocean current
is the most important factor affecting climate change
the farther away from the equator, the colder the climate becomes
latitude
Three general climatic zone with respect to latitude
Arctic
tropic(hot)climates
Temperate
