flashcards - grant calculator

1
Q

What is Serverless Stack?

A

Serverless Stack is an open source guide for building and deploying full-stack apps using Serverless and React on AWS.

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2
Q

What is Serverless Framework?

A

The Serverless Framework is a free and open-source web framework written using Node.js. Serverless is the first framework for building applications exclusively on AWS Lambda, a serverless computing platform provided by Amazon as a part of the Amazon Web Services. A Serverless app can simply be a couple of lambda functions to accomplish some tasks, or an entire back-end composed of hundreds of lambda functions. Serverless currently supports Node.js and Python runtimes. Support for Java and other runtimes for AWS Lambda will be coming soon. Serverless is developed by Austen Collins and maintained by a full-time team. It was first introduced in October 2015 under the name JAWS.

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3
Q

What is React.js?

A

React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is an open-source JavaScript library for building user interfaces. React allows developers to create large web applications that use data which can change over time, without reloading the page. Its main goal is to be fast, simple and scalable.

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4
Q

What are some notable features in React?

A

One-way data flow, Virtual DOM, JSX, Nested elements, Attributes, Javascript expressions, Ternary operators, Architecture beyond HTML, React Native

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5
Q

What is ‘One-way data flow’?

A

Properties, a set of immutable values, are passed to a component’s renderer as properties in its HTML tag. A component cannot directly modify any properties passed to it, but can be passed callback functions that do modify values. This mechanism’s promise is expressed as “properties flow down; actions flow up”.

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6
Q

What is ‘Virtual DOM’?

A

React creates an in-memory data structure cache, computes the resulting differences, and then updates the browser’s displayed DOM efficiently. This allows the programmer to write code as if the entire page is rendered on each change, while the React libraries only render subcomponents that actually change.

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7
Q

What is ‘JSX’?

A

React components are typically written in JSX, a JavaScript extension syntax allowing quoting of HTML and using HTML tag syntax to render subcomponents. This is a React-specific grammar extension to JavaScript like the now-defunct E4X. HTML syntax is processed into JavaScript calls of the React framework. Developers may also write in pure JavaScript. JSX is similar to another extension syntax created by Facebook for PHP, XHP. JSX looks like regular HTML. An example of JSX code: //import * as React from ‘react’; // //class App extends React.Component { // render() { // return ( //

//

Header

//

Content

//

Footer

 // 
 // ); // } //} // //export default App;
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8
Q

What is ‘Nested elements’?

A

Multiple elements need to be wrapped in a single container element like the element shown above.

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9
Q

What are ‘Attributes’?

A

Custom attributes are supported in addition to HTML attributes. The custom attributes need to be added with data- prefix.

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10
Q

What are ‘Javascript expressions’?

A

Javascript expressions can be used inside JSX with curly brackets {}: import * as React from ‘react’; class App extends React.Component { render() { return ( {10+1} ); } } export default App; The example above will render “11”.

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11
Q

What are ‘Ternary operators’?

A
If–else statements cannot be used inside JSX but ternary expressions instead. In example below browser will render "true" because i is equal to 1.

import * as React from 'react';

class App extends React.Component {
render() {
var i = 1;
return (
~~~
```

{ i === 1 ? 'true' : 'false' }

); } } export default App;

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12
Q

How is React used in ‘architecture beyond HTML’?

A

The basic architecture of React applies beyond rendering HTML in the browser. For example, Facebook has dynamic charts that render to tags, and Netflix and PayPal use isomorphic loading to render identical HTML on both the server and client.

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13
Q

What is ‘React Native’?

A

React Native libraries were announced by Facebook in 2015, providing the React architecture to native iOS, Android and UWP applications.

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14
Q

What is a ‘single page application’?

A

Single-Page Applications (SPAs) are Web apps that load a single HTML page and dynamically update that page as the user interacts with the app. SPAs use AJAX and HTML5 to create fluid and responsive Web apps, without constant page reloads. However, this means much of the work happens on the client side, in JavaScript.

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15
Q

What is ‘AWS Lambda’?

A

AWS Lambda is an event-driven, serverless computing platform provided by Amazon as a part of the Amazon Web Services. It is a compute service that runs code in response to events and automatically manages the compute resources required by that code.

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16
Q

What is ‘Amazon API Gateway’?

A

Amazon API Gateway is a fully managed service that makes it easy for developers to create, publish, maintain, monitor, and secure APIs at any scale. With a few clicks in the AWS Management Console, you can create an API that acts as a “front door” for applications to access data, business logic, or functionality from your back-end services, such as workloads running on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), code running on AWS Lambda, or any Web application. Amazon API Gateway handles all the tasks involved in accepting and processing up to hundreds of thousands of concurrent API calls, including traffic management, authorization and access control, monitoring, and API version management. Amazon API Gateway has no minimum fees or startup costs. You pay only for the API calls you receive and the amount of data transferred out.

17
Q

What is ‘DynamoDB’?

A

Amazon DynamoDB is a fast and flexible NoSQL database service for all applications that need consistent, single-digit millisecond latency at any scale. It is a fully managed cloud database and supports both document and key-value store models. Its flexible data model, reliable performance, and automatic scaling of throughput capacity, makes it a great fit for mobile, web, gaming, ad tech, IoT, and many other applications.

18
Q

What is ‘Cognito’?

A

Amazon Cognito lets you easily add user sign-up and sign-in to your mobile and web apps. With Amazon Cognito, you also have the options to authenticate users through social identity providers such as Facebook, Twitter, or Amazon, with SAML identity solutions, or by using your own identity system. In addition, Amazon Cognito enables you to save data locally on users devices, allowing your applications to work even when the devices are offline. You can then synchronize data across users devices so that their app experience remains consistent regardless of the device they use. With Amazon Cognito, you can focus on creating great app experiences instead of worrying about building, securing, and scaling a solution to handle user management, authentication, and sync across devices.

19
Q

What is ‘S3’?

A

Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is object storage with a simple web service interface to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web. It is designed to deliver 99.999999999% durability, and scale past trillions of objects worldwide. Customers use S3 as primary storage for cloud-native applications; as a bulk repository, or “data lake,” for analytics; as a target for backup & recovery and disaster recovery; and with serverless computing.

20
Q

What is ‘CloudFront’?

A

Amazon CloudFront is a global content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to your viewers with low latency and high transfer speeds. CloudFront is integrated with AWS – both physical locations that are directly connected to the AWS global infrastructure, as well as software that works seamlessly with services including AWS Shield for DDoS mitigation, Amazon S3, Elastic Load Balancing or Amazon EC2 as origins for your applications, and AWS Lambda to run custom code close to your viewers.

21
Q

What is ‘Route 53’?

A

Amazon Route 53 is a highly available and scalable cloud Domain Name System (DNS) web service. It is designed to give developers and businesses an extremely reliable and cost effective way to route end users to Internet applications by translating names like www.example.com into the numeric IP addresses like 192.0.2.1 that computers use to connect to each other. Amazon Route 53 is fully compliant with IPv6 as well.

22
Q

What is ‘AWS Certificate Manager’?

A

AWS Certificate Manager is a service that lets you easily provision, manage, and deploy Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) certificates for use with AWS services. SSL/TLS certificates are used to secure network communications and establish the identity of websites over the Internet. AWS Certificate Manager removes the time-consuming manual process of purchasing, uploading, and renewing SSL/TLS certificates. With AWS Certificate Manager, you can quickly request a certificate, deploy it on AWS resources such as Elastic Load Balancers, Amazon CloudFront distributions, and APIs on API Gateway, and let AWS Certificate Manager handle certificate renewals. SSL/TLS certificates provisioned through AWS Certificate Manager are free. You pay only for the AWS resources you create to run your application.

23
Q

What is ‘React Router’?

A

Declarative routing for React.

24
Q

What is ‘Bootstrap’?

A

Bootstrap is a free and open-source front-end web framework for designing websites and web applications. It contains HTML- and CSS-based design templates for typography, forms, buttons, navigation and other interface components, as well as optional JavaScript extensions. Unlike many web frameworks, it concerns itself with front-end development only. Bootstrap is the second most-starred project on GitHub, with more than 111,600 stars and 51,500 forks

25
Q

How is a Lambda function composed?

A

myHandler is the name of the Lambda function. It takes an event object, a context object, and a callback function. It returns an error object and a result object which are passed to the callback function. exports.myHandler = function(event, context, callback) { //do stuff callback(Error error, Object result); }

26
Q

What is IAM?

A

Amazon IAM (Identity and Access Management) enables you to manage users and user permissions in AWS. AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a web service that helps you securely control access to AWS resources for your users. You use IAM to control who can use your AWS resources (authentication) and what resources they can use and in what ways (authorization).

27
Q

What is an IAM User?

A

An IAM user consists of a name, a password to sign into the AWS Management Console, and up to two access keys that can be used with the API or CLI.

28
Q

What is the root IAM User?

A

This is the identity used to created the initial AWS account.

29
Q

What is the default access policy for a new IAM user?

A

By default, users can’t access anything in the account. You grant permissions to a user by creating a policy and attaching the policy to the user. You can grant one or more of these policies to restrict what the user can and cannot access.

30
Q

What is an IAM Policy?

A

An IAM policy is a rule or set of rules defining the operations allowed/denied to be performed on an AWS resource. Policies can be granted in a number of ways: - Attaching a managed policy. AWS provides a list of pre-defined policies such as AmazonS3ReadOnlyAccess. - Attaching an inline policy. An inline policy is a custom policy created by hand. - Adding the user to a group that has appropriate permission policies attached. - Cloning the permission of an existing IAM user.

31
Q

How could one grants all operations to all S3 buckets?

A

{ “Version”: “2012-10-17”, “Statement”: { “Effect”: “Allow”, “Action”: “s3:*”, “Resource”: “*” } }

32
Q

How could one create a policy that grants granular access to s3, only allowing retrieval of files prefixed by the string Bobs- in the bucket called Hello-bucket?

A

{ “Version”: “2012-10-17”, “Statement”: { “Effect”: “Allow”, “Action”: [“s3:GetObject”], “Resource”: “arn:aws:s3:::Hello-bucket/*”, “Condition”: {“StringEquals”: {“s3:prefix”: “Bobs-“}} }

33
Q

What is an ARN?

A

An ARN is an identifier for a resource in AWS.