Flashcards for test 2 (individual)
What is the primary function of the Physical Network layer?
Physically connecting devices to one another so that information can move through the network.
This includes using fiber optic cables, wifi signals, or copper wires to connect devices.
What types of connections can be used in a Physical Network?
- Fiber optic cables
- Wifi signals
- Copper wires
These connections allow computers, smartphones, and servers to communicate without needing to be directly connected.
What is the purpose of the Internet Protocol (IP)?
Uniquely identifying people on the internet and routing messages between them.
Each device on the internet has a unique IP address.
How does routing work in IP?
Routers use to and from IP addresses to move data along a path of direct connections dynamically.
The routing path is unpredictable and changes based on network conditions.
What does TCP stand for?
Transmission Control Protocol.
It is used to send large messages over the Internet when accuracy is most important.
What is a key feature of TCP?
Messages are divided into packets and sent all at once, with packets being numbered for re-ordering.
Missing packets can be requested by the receiver.
Why is TCP slower than UDP?
TCP includes error checking, which takes more time.
This makes TCP more reliable.
What does UDP stand for?
User Datagram Protocol.
It is used to send large messages over the Internet when speed is most important.
What is a key feature of UDP?
There is no error-checking to ensure all packets arrive or that they’re in order.
This makes UDP faster but can result in more errors.
In what scenarios is UDP particularly useful?
- Streaming video
- Online gaming
Speed is prioritized over perfect accuracy in these applications.
What is the role of the Domain Name System (DNS)?
Translate human-readable domains into IP addresses that can be used by the Internet.
For example, it converts code.org or example.com into corresponding IP addresses.
How does a computer interact with DNS?
The computer contacts DNS servers to look up IP addresses associated with domain names.
This communication is done over the Internet using TCP/IP packets.
What does HTTP stand for?
HyperText Transfer Protocol.
It allows computers to request and share various file types on the Internet.
What is a typical command used in HTTP requests?
GET.
This command is used to request files from a server.
What happens when a server receives an HTTP request?
The server responds with the requested files, which are displayed by the browser.
HTTP requests are sent over the Internet as part of TCP/IP packets.
What is the World Wide Web comprised of?
Files that are requested using HTTP and sent over the Internet.
This includes webpages, audio, images, videos, and other file types.
