flashcards for human growth and development for NCE exam
What is the primary focus of human growth and development?
The primary focus is on the biological, psychological, and social changes that occur throughout a person’s life.
True or False: Development is a lifelong process.
True
Fill in the blank: Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development include eight stages, with the first stage being ______.
Trust vs. Mistrust
What are the four main areas of development?
Physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development.
Which theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in cognitive development?
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
What is the term for the genetic inheritance passed from parents to offspring?
Hereditary
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development? A) Sensorimotor B) Preoperational C) Moral D) Formal operational
C) Moral
True or False: Attachment styles can influence later relationships.
True
What is the primary task in the Industry vs. Inferiority stage according to Erikson?
To develop a sense of competence and achievement.
Fill in the blank: The process by which children learn the behaviors and expectations of their culture is known as ______.
Socialization
What does the term ‘nature vs. nurture’ refer to?
The debate over the relative contributions of genetic inheritance and environmental factors to human development.
Multiple Choice: At what age does the ‘formal operational stage’ typically begin? A) 2 B) 7 C) 11 D) 15
C) 11
True or False: Adolescence is a time of significant emotional and social development.
True
What is the concept of ‘crystallized intelligence’?
The ability to use learned knowledge and experience.
Fill in the blank: The attachment style characterized by anxiety and uncertainty in relationships is known as ______ attachment.
Anxious
What is the primary focus of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
The prioritization of human needs, leading up to self-actualization.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of the preoperational stage? A) Logical thinking B) Symbolic play C) Conservation D) Abstract reasoning
B) Symbolic play
True or False: Aging is associated with cognitive decline in all individuals.
False
What is the term for the age at which an individual is expected to reach various developmental milestones?
Developmental Norms
Fill in the blank: The ability to think about abstract concepts and hypothetical situations is developed in the ______ stage.
Formal operational
What is a key characteristic of late adulthood in Erikson’s theory?
Integrity vs. Despair
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common developmental task during middle adulthood? A) Establishing intimate relationships B) Career development C) Reflection on life D) All of the above
D) All of the above
True or False: Cognitive development only occurs during childhood.
False
What does ‘developmental psychology’ study?
The psychological changes that occur as individuals grow and age.
Fill in the blank: The process of learning through rewards and punishments is known as ______ conditioning.
Operant
