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Human Geography - Globalisation > Flashcards > Flashcards

Flashcards

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1
Q

What is globalisation?

A

The process of transferring money, people, goods, services and products between countries

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2
Q

What are the four strands of globalisation?

A

Social, economic, cultural and political

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3
Q

What is meant by the time space compression?

A

The set of processes which causes relative distances between places to contract, effectively making places grow closer

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4
Q

What is the length and depth of globalisation in low income countries?

A

Shallow and near

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5
Q

What is the length and depth of globalisation in middle income countries?

A

Further and deeper

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6
Q

What is the length and depth of globalisation in high income countries?

A

Far and deep

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7
Q

What are the three inter-governmental organisations (IGOs) involved in globalisation?

A

The international monetary fund, the world bank and the world trade organisation

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8
Q

What is an advantages of the international monetary fund?

A

Lends money for development purposes and to sustain international finance stability

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9
Q

What is a disadvantages of the international monetary fund?

A

It forces countries to privatise government assets in order to increase the size of the private sector

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10
Q

What is is an advantage of the world bank?

A

It uses bank deposits placed by the world’s richest countries to lend to countries for development purposes

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11
Q

What is a disadvantage of the world bank?

A

All of its presidents have been american

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12
Q

What is an advantage of the world trade organisation?

A

They advocate trade liberalisation and trade without tariffs

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13
Q

What is a disadvantage of the world trade organisation?

A

They failed to stop the world’s richest countries from subsidising their own food production

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14
Q

What are trade blocs?

A

Where countries group together to freely trade between other countries within their trade bloc.

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15
Q

What are two advantages of trade blocs?

A

Countries can trade between other countries within the same trade bloc for free
The easing of access to trade means that trade between members is more likely to occur

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16
Q

What are two disadvantages of trade blocs?

A

Food miles are increased as the cheapest product is most to be traded
As the border controls are relaxed, it is easier for immigrants to access countries, causing political tensions

17
Q

How have trade blocs contributed to globalisation?

A
  • Increased integration between countries

- Global negotiations are made easier

18
Q

How do national governments contributed to globalisation?

A
  • They follow policies to help TNCs to grow in size and influences
  • Joining a trade bloc
  • Influencing people to start up businesses
  • Free market liberalisation
19
Q

What are special economic zones?

A

An industrial area, often near a coastline, which has characteristics which attracts TNCs

20
Q

What are the favourable conditions of SEZs?

A
  • Low tax rates

- Exemptions from tariffs and export duties

21
Q

What is China’s open door policy 1978?

A

China opened up its market to foreign TNCs to increase globalisation in the country. They required advanced western technology. In 2001, they joined the wto

22
Q

Does globalisation occur evenly?

A

No, because not all countries host TNCs

23
Q

What are global hubs?

A

These demonstrate a number of connections to the rest of the world. Most hubs have major TNCs and increasing diverse populations. The hubs always try and attract foreign businesses towards them.

24
Q

Which two measurements do we use to measure globalisation?

A

The KOF globalisation index

AT Kearney

25
Q

What is the KOF globalisation index?

A

This measures the extent to which countries are socially, politically and economically connected. The more globalised, the more links it has to tourism, communication, trade and FDI.

26
Q

What is the AT Kearney?

A

This index uses measures of business activity, human capital, information exchange and political engagement to rank places in terms of the quantity and quality of global connections

27
Q

What is a switched on country?

A

The nations which are strongly connected to other countries the the production and consumption of goods and services

28
Q

What is an example of a switched on country?

A

China

29
Q

What is a switched off country?

A

Nations which are poorly connected and isolated from global networks due to conflict, political instability and debt

30
Q

What are the physical factors of a switched off countries?

A

1) Landlocked
2) Poor agricultural resources
3) High vulnerability to climate change and natural hazards

31
Q

What are the human factors of a switched off countries?

A

1) Lack of skilled and illiterate workers
2) Politically isolated
3) Ethical clashes and civil war

Human Geography - Globalisation (1 decks)

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