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1
Q

which of the following is not one of the 3 main multicellular kingdoms

a. fungi
b. plants
c. protists
d. animals

A

C

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2
Q

Which of the following refers to the main body of a fungus

A. Hyphae
B. Mycelium
C. Filament
D. Collagen

A

B

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3
Q

True or False

all plants are green due to the fact that photosynthesis always use a green pigment

A

False

not all plants are green
however, photosynthesis does always use a green pigment

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4
Q

true or false

most animals are not vertebrates

A

True

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5
Q

which of the following is a unicellular fungus

A. hyphae
B. Mycelium
C. Yeast
D. All of the Above

A

C

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6
Q

Pollen can be described as a

A. mutlicellular diploid plant

b. unicellular haploid plant
c. unicellular diploid plant
d. N.O.T.A.

A

D

pollen is a multicellular haploid plant

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7
Q

Which one is not a characteristic of a plant

A. Photosynthetic Heterotroph
B. Cell Walls Made of Cellulose
C. Life Cycle: Alternation of Multicellular Generations
D. Apical Meristem

A

A

Plants are Photosynthetic Autotrophs

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8
Q

Which of the following is where Plant Cells are formed.

A. Meristems
B. Roots
C. Stems
D. Underground

A

A

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9
Q

Which ones are characteristics of an animal

A. Heterotrophs
B. External Digestion
C. Cell Walls
D. Structural Protein

A

A and D

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10
Q

What is the name of the structural protein in an animal

A. Gastrula
B. Meristem
C. Chitin
D. N.O.T.A.

A

D.

Collagen is the name

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11
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a fungus

A. Prokaryote
B. Eukaryote
C. Heterotrophic
D. Cell Walls made of Chitin

A

A

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12
Q

How do animals deal with different environments

A

they move

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13
Q

How do plants deal with different environments

A

move as population

change morphology/behavior

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14
Q

What were the 7 ways listed in class that fungi impact humans

A 
Decomposes Waste
Edible
Medicine
Pathogens
Biochemists
Plant Growth
Fungal Mycorrhiaze
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15
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Active Maintenance of a stable internal environment

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16
Q

How do various cells take up glucose

A

Diffusion

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17
Q

Homeostasis is an example of

A. Facilitated Diffusion
B. A Negative Feedback Loop
C. A Positive Feedback Loop
D. None of the Above

A

B

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18
Q

What is Osmosis

A

the passive diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

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19
Q

Where does water move in osmosis

A

to the area with the highest level of concentration

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20
Q

How do cells actively control the movement of water

A

By using active transport to transport solutes across the membrane

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21
Q

What do land plants have that conserves water

A

Waxy Cuticle

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22
Q

What do plants have that controls water loss

A

Stomata

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23
Q

What would you expect to happen if you blocked all the stomata on a plant

A

Photosynthesis would decrease because the leaf would no longer have a supply of carbon dioxide

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24
Q

Which of the following is TRUE regarding seeds?

A) Seeds are only produced by gymnosperms.
B) Seed coats enclose a male gametophyte.
C) Seeds always require an external food source to germinate.
D) Seed coats protect a young sporophyte.
E) Seeds are often produced on the undersides of fern leaves.

A

D

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25
Q

You find a new species. After a check under a microscope, you see that it has cell walls. It is a complex, multicellular individual. To which of the following groups could it belong?

A) Animals 
B) Plants 
C) Prokaryotes 
D) Protozoa 
E) Mollusca
A

B

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26
Q

What is unique to the fungal life cycle compared to plants and animals?
A) There is a multicellular gametophyte and multicellular sporophyte.
B) Fertilization causes a change from the haploid phase of the life cycle to the diploid phase.
C) Meiosis causes a change from the diploid phase to the haploid phase of the life cycle.
D) Fertilization is divided into two stages, with the first stage resulting in cells with two haploid (unfused) nuclei.
E) All of the above are unique to fungi.

A

D

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27
Q

If you have been exercising for an hour and have not had anything to eat for a while, which of the following would help return your blood sugar levels to the correct (balanced) concentration?
A) Removal of the pancreas.
B) Adding the hormone insulin to the blood, to trigger various cells in the body to take up glucose.
C) Adding the hormone glucagon to the blood, to trigger the breakdown of polysaccharides in the muscles and liver.
D) Avoiding eating for several more hours.
E) All of the above.

A

C

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28
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of growth in plants?
A) The movement of cells relative to each other to form a gastrula.
B) The continual production of new cells that can potentially develop into any cell type.
C) The flexible growth of an individual’s body, where a given adult can end up being many different shapes or sizes depending on the environment.
D) A & B
E) B & C

A

E

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29
Q 
Which of the following groups is most closely related to ferns? 
A) Lycophytes 
B) Angiosperms 
C) Gymnosperms 
D) The seed plant clade 
E) Mosses
A

D

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30
Q 
Which of the following groups is most closely related to Angiosperms? 
A) Lycophytes 
B) Angiosperms 
C) Gymnosperms 
D) The seed plant clade 
E) Mosses
A

C

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31
Q 
Which of the following groups is most closely related to gymnosperms? 
A) Lycophytes 
B) Angiosperms 
C) Gymnosperms 
D) The seed plant clade 
E) Mosses
A

B

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32
Q 
What plant group is most distantly related to the rest of the plants? 
A) Lycophytes
B)  Angiosperms
C)  Gymnosperms
D) Mosses
E) Ferns
A

D

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33
Q 
What plant group is the 2nd most distantly related to the rest of the plants? 
A) Lycophytes
B)  Angiosperms
C)  Gymnosperms
D) Mosses
E) Ferns
A

A

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34
Q

Which of the following correctly matches a type of symmetry with a scenario in which it would likely be adaptive?
A) Bilateral - Capturing small sources of food out of the water by searching the water all around your body simultaneously.
B) Bilateral - Following prey using your excellent eyesight.
C) Bilateral - Being a jellyfish or sea anemone.
D) Radial - Running quickly in one direction.
E) Radial - Being a clam or squid

A

B

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35
Q

Multicellular organisms cannot rely on diffusion for all of the transportation of molecules within their bodies. Why?
A) Diffusion cannot occur between cells.
B) Diffusion only takes place through proteins imbedded in cellular membranes, and those proteins do not occur in multicellular organisms.
C) Diffusion is a relatively slow process.
D) The surface area of multicellular organisms is too large.
E) The energy required for diffusion is too high.

A

C

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36
Q

You are trying to identify an annoying weed in your garden in Kansas. It is 10 feet tall and is blocking your view. To which of the following groups might it belong?

A) Vascular plants 
B) Mosses or other bryophytes 
C) Algae 
D) None of the above 
E) All of the above
A

A

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37
Q

Which of the following is TRUE regarding movement in multicellular eukaryotes?
A) Only animal populations can move into new habitats. B) Some plant cells can change shape depending on the amount of water in the cells, resulting in quick movements of parts of the plant.
C) It is generally NOT adaptive for offspring to disperse away from their parents.
D) There is no stage in the fungal life cycle that is able to disperse.
E) Only protist individuals are able to move their entire bodies using their own power (that is, not being moved by the wind, etc.).

A

B

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38
Q 
Which of the following are arthropods? 
A) Bees 
B) Lobsters 
C) Spiders 
D) None of the above 
E) All of the above
A

E

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39
Q

What are the two types of vascular tissue

A

Xylem

Pholem

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40
Q

This type of vascular tissue moves water and dissolved minerals

A

Xylem

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41
Q

This type of vascular tissue moves food

A

Pholem

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42
Q

green algae is sister to what group

A

land plants

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43
Q

What is a seed

A

an embryo (baby sporophyte) and nutrients protected by a seed coat

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44
Q

what is an embryo

A

baby sporophyte

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45
Q

what is the importance of seed plants (3 things listed in lecture)

A

allow existence of most animals today
influence climate
products for people

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46
Q

what do all angiosperms have that gymnosperms do not have

A

fruits

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47
Q

In gymnosperms, what does the female gametophyte do

A

germinate inside protective layers

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48
Q

What is the animal listed in the porifera group on the slide presented in class

A

Sponges

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49
Q

Which of the following do porifera have

A. Muscles
B. Nerves
C. Tissue
D. All of the Above
E. None of the Above
A

E

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50
Q

True or false

All animals have a nervous system

A

False

Most animals have a nervous system

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51
Q

What four things can nerves sense that Dr. Archibald listed in class

A

Temperature
Odors
Physical Forces
Light

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52
Q

What three things do nerves cue movement for that Dr. Archibald listed in class

A

obtaining food
finding mate
choosing habitat

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53
Q

Which two animals were listed next to the cnidarian group when Dr. Archibald introduced the group in class

A

jellyfish and corals

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54
Q

Which of the following do animals in the cnidarian group have

A. 2 Openings, no digestive cavity
B. 1 Opening, no digestive cavity
C. 2 Openings, digestive cavity
D. No Openings, digestive cavity
E. None of the above
A

E

1 Opening and a digestive cavity

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55
Q

a feature of animals in the cnidarian group is that they have cnidocytes. What are cnidocytes

A

cells that are triggered by touch

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56
Q

True or False

some cnidocytes can inject toxins

A

True

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57
Q

how many times can you cut a cnidarian into equal halves

A

many times

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58
Q

What does bilateral symmetry enable. (Dr. Archibald listed two things in class)

A

Directional movement

Specialized sensory organs at front

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59
Q

how many holes do bilaterians have

A

at least 2

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60
Q

In bilaterians, where does the 1st hole form

A

the gastrula

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61
Q

What does protosomes mean

A

First mouth

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62
Q

There are four major groups of arthropods, what are they

A

Spiders and Allies
Centipedes and Millipedes
Shrimps
Insects

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63
Q

Are arachnids part of arthropods

A

Yes

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64
Q

Are crustaceans part of arthropods

A

Yes

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65
Q

In the animal phylogeny, what do Annelida, Mollusca, and arthropods all have in common

A

Gastrula Pore becomes mouth

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66
Q

What 3 animals were listed as arachnids in lecture

A

spiders
mites
scorpions

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67
Q

What 3 animals were listed as crustaceans in lecture

A

Shrimp
Lobster
Crabs

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68
Q

What 3 animals were listed as Mollusca in lecture

A

Clams
Squids
Snails

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69
Q

What do all animals in the chordata group have that none of the 6 other groups have

A

notochords

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70
Q

What is a pathogen

A

something that can make you sick

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71
Q

Which of the following could be considered pathogens

A. Viruses
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Protists
E. All of the above
A

E

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72
Q

There was 2 major forms of immune systems within our immune system that were mentioned in lecture, what were they

A

Innate Immune System

Adaptive Immune System

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73
Q

What were the 2 major characteristics of the innate immune system that were mentioned in class

A

rapid response

Non-specific Defense

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74
Q

What were the 2 major characteristics of the adaptive immune system that were mentioned in class

A

specific defense

slow response to the first exposure, but long term memory(remembers what you’re exposed to)

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75
Q

What is the 1st line of defense that our immune system has

A

Physical Barriers

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76
Q

what is the most important barrier that our immune system has

A

Skin

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77
Q

What do phagocytes do

A

Engulf and destroy pathogens

78
Q

What are 2 things mast cells do that were talked about in lecture

A

help to trigger inflammation

release histamine

79
Q

Why is it important for mast cells to release histamine

A

causes blood vessels to widen, increasing blood flow, and become leaky, other chemical signals recruit more phagocytes. Phagocytes enter the infected site and remove pathogens

80
Q

How does your immune system recognize a pathogen

A

Self vs. Non-self

Harmless vs. Pathogen

81
Q

True or False

Immune Cells do not have Antigen Binding Receptors

A

False

82
Q

What is an antigen

A

a molecule capable of triggering an immune response

83
Q

In the innate immune system, receptors bind molecules shared by ___ pathogens

A

many

84
Q

In the adaptive immune system, receptors bind to molecules found on a ______ pathogen

A

particular

specific

85
Q

What happens when an antibody binds to it’s antigen

A

neutralizes the pathogen, marks it for destruction

86
Q

What is an activated B Cell

A

A B Cell that recognizes and is similar to an antigen and bounds to it.

87
Q

What happens when a B Cell is activated

A

It will start to attack and divide

88
Q

True or False

Like B Cells, each T Cell has a unique antigen binding receptor

A

True

89
Q

True or False

Unlike B Cells, T cells do not undergo selection or cell division

A

False

Like B Cells, T Cells undergo selection and cell division

90
Q

True or False

T Cells do not form memory cells

A

False

Some T Cells form memory cells

91
Q

What is the main function of Helper T cells

A

stimulate activity of other immune cells

92
Q

What is the main function of Cytotoxic T cells

A

Kill infected cells

93
Q

What is a virus

A

A living chemical

94
Q

How long has smallpox been present in populations

A

Since 10000 BC

95
Q

True or False

Smallpox has a low mortality rate

A

False

High mortality rate

96
Q

True or False

Smallpox survivors do not get reinfected

A

True

97
Q

Why did exposure to cowpox work to protect people from smallpox

A

They are related viruses, and antibodies to cowpox also binds to smallpox

98
Q

Where does the word vaccination come from

A

the Latin Word for Cow

99
Q

What occurs during a vaccination

A

your body is safely exposed to antigen

100
Q

During a vaccination, an ____ response is activated and ___ cells are made, a vaccinated person is _____ to later infection

A

immune
memory
immune

101
Q

safe antigen equals _____ pathogen

A

inactivated

102
Q

Community level protection from the spread of a disease

A

Herd Immunity

103
Q

What groups of people are helped from herd immunity(3 listed in lecture)

A

Old People
Babies
Weak Immune System People

104
Q

A Basic Building block of life

Primary Component of most molecules in the body

A

Carbon

105
Q

The Process by which carbon is moved throughout our global system

Cycles carbon and water

Regulates global temp

Regulates pH of water

Developed early in Earth’s history; prior to terrestrial plants

The evolution of biodiversity on the planet can be linked to patterns in the _____ _____ over time

involves short and long term processes

A

Carbon Cycle

106
Q

What 3 ways do we put carbon into the atmosphere

A

Cellular Respiration
Decomposition
Burning of Fossil Fuels

107
Q

How do we remove carbon from the atmosphere

A

Photosynthesis

108
Q

biological processes carried out on a daily, seasonal basis

photosynthesis and respiration

A

“Short Term” Cycle

109
Q

carbon is released and stored in one place (such as the ocean), often a reservoir–geographical and physical processes and C reservoirs

A

“Long Term” Cycle

110
Q

the carbon cycle is an example of a _____ _____ _____ (always has to be balancing itself)

A

negative feedback loop

111
Q

Atmospheric Carbon is a _____ ____

A

greenhouse gas

112
Q

holds in heat in the atmosphere that would otherwise radiate back out into space

prevents surface temperatures from dropping

A

greenhouse gas

113
Q

____ cycles up and down during the year, but there has been an increase in our atmosphere

A

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

114
Q

there is a correlation between rising ___ levels and human activities

A

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

115
Q

only ___ ____ have the right ratio to account for the pattern of isotopic change in the atmospheric C02

A

fossil fuels

116
Q

True or False

Correlation implies causation

A

False

Correlation does not causation

117
Q

releasing too much extra ____ into the atmosphere leads to changes in climate

A

carbon

118
Q

Short term changes in the atmosphere

A

Weather

119
Q

long-term pattern of weather in a place for a long period of time

A

Climate

120
Q

_____ is studied using geological and biological processes, instruments, and computer models that tell us about past climate, current state of the atmosphere and the future climate

A

Climate

121
Q

Climate is controlled by 5 things, what at they

A 
insolation
albedo
greenhouse effect
ocean and atmospheric circulation
physical geography
122
Q

Climate responds to two things, what are they

A

external forcing

internal interactions and feedback

123
Q

There are two things that climate responds to, one of them is external forcing. Within external forcing, there were four things listed. What were they

A

Insolation
Geological Processes
Asteroid Impacts
Behavior of Living Organisms

124
Q

alteration of climate patterns as a result of human activities (ex: burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, agriculture)

observed at seasonal and year-to-ear scales; local, regional continental, and global scales

A

Anthropogenic Climate Change

125
Q

increase in earth’s mean surface and oceanic temperatures

signs: changes in temperature and precipitation

results: increased flooding and drought and other natural events

A

Global Warming

126
Q

_____ help recreate past climates

A

Proxies

127
Q

Key seasonal changes in animals from year to year

A

Phenology

128
Q

The rate of change of carbon between atmosphere and reservoir

A

flux

129
Q

This term refers to plates of the earth sliding together

A

Subduction

130
Q

Everything on Earth that is frozen is part of the _____

A

Cryosphere

131
Q

Humans add an excess of ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ to the atmosphere annually

A

16 Billion Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide(CO2)

132
Q

What is climate

A

How the atmosphere behaves over relatively long periods of time

133
Q

Does the correlation between the ice core data establish a causal relationship between human activities and the increase in the atmospheric CO2 noted by Keeling

A

No

134
Q

Why do scientists use the phrase “climate change” instead of global warming

A

climate change implies a complex process of which global warming is only one aspect

135
Q

What are the signs of global warming that were listed in lecture

A

changes in temperature and precipitation

136
Q

What are the results of global warming that were listed in lecture

A

increased flooding and drought and other natural events

137
Q

What were the things that meltwaters impact that were listed in lecture

A

salinity
currents
ocean circulation
increased sea level rise

138
Q

What was the effect of meltwaters that was given in lecture

A

increased absorption in the atmosphere

139
Q

Sea Level Rise depends on 5 things that were listed in lecture, what are those 5 things

A 
local changes in currents 
winds 
salinity
water temperatures 
proximity to thinning ice sheets
140
Q

There were 4 results of Sea Levels Rising listed in lecture, what were they

A

saltwater inundation
altered coastlines
flooding
habitat loss

141
Q

In this process, C02 combines with water to form a weak acid, this reduces seawater pH

reduces the ability of some marine organisms to build calcium carbonate skeletons

A

Ocean Acidification

142
Q

_____ _____ leads to range shifts and changes in timing of seasonal life cycle events (phenology, shifts in migration timing/pattern)

A

Climate Change

143
Q

Climate Change leads to two things, one of which was changes in the timing of seasonal life cycle events. Within that, there were two things listed, what were they

A

phenology

shifts in migration timing/pattern

144
Q

In this process, corals expel symbiotic algae in their tissues in response to stress from changes in conditions

A

Coral Bleaching

145
Q

changing rainfall patterns and glacial retreat will jeopardize water supplies to _____ of _____ of people (affects 4/10 people globally)

A

Hundreds

Millions

146
Q

increasing _____ on the planet and more variable _____ are expected to reduce cop yields in many tropical developing regions, where food security is already a problem

A

temperatures

rainfalls

147
Q

climate change affects major social and environmental determinants of health, what were the 5 determinants listed in lecture

A 
availability and quality of drinking water 
ecosystems 
agriculture and food production
economic development
migration
148
Q

spreads pathogens, parasites, and diseases
increases vulnerability to infectious diseases
Impacts: human health, agriculture, fisheries

A

Climate Change

149
Q

____ ______ is becoming one of the world’s most powerful–and destabilizing–geopolitical forces

A

Climate Displacement

150
Q

ground that is permanently frozen (all of the organic material is starting to thaw)

reanimates anthrax spores

A

permafrost

151
Q

all species in a given place and their physical environment

A

ecosystem

152
Q

True or False

Exponential Growth only occurs in small populations

A

False

Exponential Growth occurs in all populations

153
Q

atoms with varying atomic masses due to differences in the # of neutrons

A

Isotopes

154
Q

all the individuals in one species

A

population

155
Q

max number of individuals of a species than an area’s resources can sustain indefinitely without significantly depleting or degrading those resources

A

Carrying Capacity

156
Q

What are some factors that keep a population under its carrying capacity(Chose all that apply)

a. Predation
b. Increased birth rate
c. Competition
d. Parasitism
e. Fungal pathogens

A

A
C
D
E

157
Q

When talking about competition in a community, how is species 1 affected

A

negative

158
Q

When talking about competition in a community, how is species 2 affected

A

negative

159
Q

When talking about predation in a community, how is species 1 affected

A

positive

160
Q

When talking about predation in a community, how is species 2 affected

A

negative

161
Q

When talking about mutualism in a community, how is species 1 affected

A

positive

162
Q

When talking about mutualism in a community, how is species 2 affected

A

positive

163
Q

Plants capture light energy. What happens to energy in an individual plant?

a. Used to make carbohydrates
b. Used to maintain homeostasis
c. Lost as heat
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

A

D

164
Q

only __% of the biomass of each trophic level is passed onto the next level

A

10

165
Q

the variety of life on earth or in a particular place

total number of specie, genetic diversity, phylogenetic diversity, ecosystem diversity

A

Biodiversity

166
Q

There were 4 things listed in lecture that effect Biodiversity, what are they

A

Global change (ex: climate)
Invasive species
Overharvest (including incidental harvest)
Habitat loss/change

167
Q

There were 7 benefits to humans that intact natural ecosystems can provide that were listed in lecture, what are they

A 
medicines
shelter
food
oxygen
enjoyment
direct products
ecosystem services
168
Q

Natural Processes that help sustain human life

A

Ecosystem services

169
Q

What are the 7 ecosystem services that were listed in class

A 
produce oxygen 
purify water
reduce severity of floods
 control of “pests”
 generate and preserve fertile soils
reduce erosion
pollination of crops and natural vegetation
170
Q

Can we replace ecosystem services with technology

A

Often no

171
Q

True or False

Humans are not adapted to current biosphere conditions physiologically or economically

A

False

172
Q

a region with high biodiversity

A

Biodiversity Hotspot

173
Q

When designing a preserve, what is feasibility

A

cost/availability of the land

174
Q

True or False

When designing a preserve, a smaller size is ideal

A

False

Bigger is better

175
Q

True or False

When designing a preserve and taking shape into consideration, a low surface area/volume is ideal

A

True

176
Q

Which of these is not a type of RNA?

mRNA
sRNA
tRNA
rRNA

A

sRNA

177
Q

What is the job of the promoter?

It tells RNA polymerase where to end transcription
It tells RNA helicase where to begin transcription
It tells DNA polymerase where to begin transcription
It tells RNA polymerase where to begin transcription

A

it tells RNA Polymerase where to begin Transcription

178
Q

RNA uses ______ instead of thymine.

Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Uracil

A

Uracil

179
Q

True or False: The making of RNA is called elongation

A

True

180
Q

True or False: We cut out the exons and splice together the introns

A

False

We cut out the introns and splice together the exons

181
Q

A polypeptide chain is made up of ______ and held together by _______.

Sugars; covalent bonds
Lipids; covalent bonds
Amino Acids; covalent bonds
Amino Acids; hydrogen bonds

A

Amino Acids; Covalent Bonds

182
Q

True or False

Amino acids w/ hydrophobic R groups are mostly found buried in the interior of folded proteins

A

True

183
Q

What is the start codon?

AAG
UAG
UAC
AUG

A

AUG

184
Q

The Genetic Code…

always has the same effect
always creates hydrophobic substances
is redundant

A

is redundant

185
Q

Which 2 Animal Kingdoms do not have bilateral symmetry.

A

Porifera

Cnidaria

186
Q

What Major Animal Kingdom are Humans a part of

A

Chordata

187
Q

Which Animal Kingdom has Paired, Jointed Appendages

A

Arthropoda

188
Q

Which Animal Kingdom doesn’t have Nerves

A

Porifera

189
Q

Of the 7 Animal Kingdoms, which ones have collagen

A

All of them

190
Q

Of the 5 Plant Kingdoms, which ones do not have leave with multiple veins

A

Lycophytes

Mosses

Biology Final (1 decks)

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