Flashcards

Question 1

Burden of Disease

Answer 1

A measure that combines effects of both morbidity and mortality rates thus providing a health and economic overview of diseases and injured to individuals and populations

Question 2

CDC

Answer 2

Center for Disease Control & prevention; the U.S government agency at the forefront of public health; mission is to prevent and control infectious and chronic diseases, injures, workplace hazards, disabilities, and environmental health threats

Question 3

Cholera

Answer 3

A bacterial infection of the small intestine that causes severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, and possibly death

Question 4

Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)

Answer 4

A composite measure of the years of life lost because of premature death & the equivalent years lost because of severe injury/ disability

Question 5

Developed countries

Answer 5

Highly industrialized nations with high incomes and human capital; also known as “First world countries”

Question 6

Developing countries

Answer 6

Countries with low standards of living and low industrial capacity; used to known as “Third world countries”

Question 7

Disability

Answer 7

A physical or mental incapacity, either congenital or resulting from an injury or illness, ect.

Question 8

Epidemic

Answer 8

A disease occurring suddenly in community, region or country in numbers clearly in excess of normal

Question 9

Epidemiologist

Answer 9

A Medical scientist who chases the spread of health, disease, and health-related conditions through a population

Question 10

Epidemiology

Answer 10

The study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations; severes as the foundation and logic of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventative medicine.

Question 11

Germ theory

Answer 11

Theory that microscopic organisms (germs) cause disease (often by infection through the air)

Question 12

GRID

Answer 12

Gay related emu deficiency (sometimes informally called the gay plague) was an alternative name for aids in the early 1980s

Question 13

HDI

Answer 13

Human development Index; measures the average achievements in a country of the following three markers: health, education, & income; this is a composite statistic used to rank countries by level of “human development” and separate developed (high development), developing (middle development), and underdeveloped (low development countries)

Question 14

Health data

Answer 14

A collection of organize information that will give a “picture” of the overall health of a population

Question 15

Health statistics

Answer 15

The application of statistics to the health sciences that help reveal which diseases are most prevalent, which disease are of greatest concern, and where outbreaks are occurring.

Question 16

HIV

Answer 16

Human immunodeficiency virus, the retro virus that causes AIDS

Question 17

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Answer 17

A disease in which cancer or malignant cells are found in the tissues under the skin or mucous membranes that line the mouth, nose, and anus; most common AIDS-related cancer. It causes reddish purple lesions that usually appear on the skin

Question 18

LDCs

Answer 18

Least developed countries; the lowest national incomes of all countries

Question 19

Morbidity rate

Answer 19

Incidence of disease; rate of sickness, as in specified community or group

Question 20

Miasma Theory

Answer 20

Believe that diseases such as cholera and the black death was caused by noxious clouds of “bad air”

Question 21

Mortality rate

Answer 21

Death rate; the ratio of the total number of deaths to the population

Question 22

Pandemic

Answer 22

Worldwide outbreaks of a disease and numbers clearly in excess of normal

Question 23

Pneumocystis Carinni pneumonia

Answer 23

A form of pneumonia caused by the yeast- like fungus; relatively rare in people with normal immune system’s but common among people with weakened immune system such as premature or severely malnourished children, the elderly, and especially AIDS patients.

Question 24

Opportunistic infections

Answer 24

Infections caused by organisms that typically don’t produce disease in healthy people but affect people with damaged immune systems. These organisms attack when there is an “opportunity” to infect

Question 25

Outbreak

Answer 25

Sudden appearance of a disease in a specific geographic area

Question 26

Pertussis

Answer 26

A reportable bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by short, convulsive coughs that end in a whoop sound when breath is inhaled(commonly called whooping cough) mainly affects children

Question 27

Prevalence

Answer 27

A measure of Propotion of persons in the population with a certain disease at a given time

Question 28

Reportable diseases

Answer 28

(Also called Notifiable diseases in the US) diseases considered to be of great public health importance (AIDS, anthrax, pertussis, West Nile virus, ect.) such diseases need to be reported when they are diagnosed by doctors or laboratories. Reporting allows for the collection of statistics that show how often the disease occurs, which in turn helps researchers identify disease trends and tract disease outbreaks

Question 29

Thalidomide

Answer 29

Was introduced in the late 1950s as an anti-nausea drug to help elevate morning sickness in early pregnancy; realize that many of the babies whose mothers had taken this drug develop severe birth defects. this is now an interest in using it in clinical trials for the treatment of a number of conditions and diseases including lupus and cancer

Question 30

AIDS

Answer 30

Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome; disease that attacks and destroys the body’s immune system, leaving the patient abnormally vulnerable to infections and many other diseases cause by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)