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1
Q

Hay

A

There is , There are

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2
Q

hablar (to speak)

A 
hablo
hablas
habla
hablamos
hablan
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3
Q

comer (to eat)

A 
como
comes
come
comemos
comen
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4
Q

vivir (to live)

A 
vivo
vives
vive
vivimos
viven
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5
Q

ser (to be)

A 
soy
eres
es
somos
son
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6
Q

estar (to be)

A 
estoy
estás
está
estamos
están
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7
Q

Uses of ser

A 
essential qualities
the hour, day, and date
place of origin
occupation
nationality
religious or political affiliation
the material something is made of
possession
relationship of one person to another
certain impersonal expressions
where an event is taking place
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8
Q

Uses of estar

A

geographic or physical location
state or condition
many idiomatic expressions
progressive tenses

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9
Q

Ser and estar (contrasting uses)

A

When a noun follows the verb, use ser
When an adjective follows the verb, decide between “essence” and “condition”
To tell where something is from, use ser
To tell where something is located right now, use estar
To tell where an event is taking place, use ser

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10
Q

tener (to have)

venir (to come)

A 
tengo / vengo
tienes / vienes
tiene / viene
tenemos / venimos
tenéis / venís
tienen / vienen
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11
Q

Other Yo Go verbs

Poner   To Put
Tener   To Have
Caer     To Fall
Traer    To Bring        
oír        To Hear
Venir    To Come
Hacer   To Do
Salir      To Leave
Valer     To Cost
A

poner: yo pongo, tú pones…
tener: yo tengo, tú tienes…
caer: yo caigo, tú caes…
traer: yo traigo, tú traes…
oír: yo oigo, tú oyes…
venir: yo vengo , tú vienes…
hacer: yo hago, tú haces…
salir: yo salgo, tú sales…
valer: yo valgo, tú vales.

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12
Q

o:ue stem-changers

A

dormir To Sleep

duermo
duermes
duerme
dormimos
duermen
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13
Q

e:ie stem-changers

A

cerrar To Close

cierro
cierras
cierra
cerramos
cierran
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14
Q

e:i stem-changers

A

repetir To Repeat

repito
repites
repite
repetimos
repiten
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15
Q

Common o:ue stem-changers

A

almorzar
to eat lunch

morir
to die

aprobar
to approve

mostrar
to show

colgar
to hang

mover
to move (an object)

contar
to count, to tell

probar
to prove, test, sample, taste

costar
to cost

recordar
to remember

devolver
to return (an object)

resolver
to solve

volver
to return (from someplace)

rogar
to beg, pray

dormir
to sleep

sonar
to sound, ring

encontrar
to find

soñar (con)
to dream (about)

envolver
to wrap

tostar
to toast

morder
to bite

volar
to fly

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16
Q

Common e:ie stem-changers

A

acertar
to guess, get right

encender
to light, kindle

advertir
to advise, warn

entender
to understand

cerrar
to close, shut

fregar
to scrub, wash dishes

comenzar
to begin

hervir
to boil

confesar
to confess

mentir
to lie

consentir
to consent

negar
to deny

convertir
to convert

pensar (en)
to think about

defender
to defend

perder
to lose

empezar
to begin

preferir
to prefer

17
Q

Common e:i stem-changers

A

bendecir (*)
to bless

impedir
to impede

colegir
to deduce

maldecir (*)
to curse

competir
to compete

medir
to measure

conseguir
to get, obtain

pedir
to ask for, to order

corregir
to correct

perseguir
to pursue, to persecute

decir (*)
to say, tell

reír
to laugh

despedir
to dismiss, fire

repetir
to repeat

elegir
to elect

seguir
to follow, continue

freír
to fry

servir
to serve

gemir
to groan, moan

sonreír
to smile

18
Q

estar, ir, dar

A 
estoy - voy - doy
estás - vas - das
está - va - da
estamos - vamos - damos
están - van - dan
19
Q

Ir a + infinitive

A

To be going to do something

voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van

20
Q

Acabar de + infinitive

A

To have just done something

acabo, acabas, acaba, acabamos, acabáis, acaban

21
Q

Volver a + infinitive

A

To do something again

vuelvo, vuelves, vuelve, volvemos, volvéis, vuelven

22
Q

Present Progressive …ing

A

estar + present participle
I am speaking (right now, at this moment)
Never use present progressive for something that will occur in the future.

23
Q

Present Participle (-ando, -iendo, yendo)

A 
hablar - hablando (-ar)
comer - comiendo (-er)
vivir - viviendo (-ir)
decir - diciendo (e:i)
dormir - durmiendo (o:u)
leer - leyendo (orthographic)
seguir: siguiendo (orthographic)
24
Q

caber (to fit)
yo quepo

caer (to fall)
yo caigo

conducir (to drive)
yo conduzco

conocer (to know, to be acquainted with)
yo conozco

escoger (to choose)
yo escojo

dirigir (to direct)
yo dirijo

hacer (to do, to make)
yo hago

poner (to put, to place)
yo pongo

saber (to know something - a fact)
yo sé

salir (to leave)
yo salgo

seguir (to follow)
yo sigo

traer (to bring)
yo traigo

valer (to be worth)
yo valgo

ver (to see)
yo veo

A

caber (to fit)
yo quepo

caer (to fall)
yo caigo

conducir (to drive)
yo conduzco

conocer (to know, to be acquainted with)
yo conozco

escoger (to choose)
yo escojo

dirigir (to direct)
yo dirijo

hacer (to do, to make)
yo hago

poner (to put, to place)
yo pongo

saber (to know something - a fact)
yo sé

salir (to leave)
yo salgo

seguir (to follow)
yo sigo

traer (to bring)
yo traigo

valer (to be worth)
yo valgo

ver (to see)
yo veo

25
Q

Saber vs Conocer

A

saber: to know (facts, information, how to do something, something by heart)
conocer: to know (to be familiar with people, places, things)

26
Q

Pedir vs Preguntar

A

pedir: to ask (for an object or a service)
preguntar: to ask (a question, request information)

27
Q

lavarse to wash oneself

A 
yo me lavo
tú te lavas
él se lava
ella se lava
usted se lava
nosotros nos lavamos
nosotras nos lavamos
vosotros os laváis
vosotras os laváis
ustedes se lavan
ellos se lavan
ellas se lavan
28
Q

Preterite:
…ed
indicates that an action taken once in the past was completed at a specific point in time in the past

A 
regular -ar verbs
-é
-aste
-ó
-amos
-aron
hablé, hablaste, habló, hablamos, hablasteis, hablaron
regular -er
-í
-iste
-ió
-imos
ieron
comí, comiste, comió, comimos, comisteis, comieron
regular -ir verbs
-í
-iste
-ió
-imos
ieron
viví, viviste, vivió, vivimos, vivisteis, vivieron
29
Q

Imperfect:
used to
The imperfect tense is used to refer to actions in the past that occurred repeatedly.

A 
regular-ar verbs
-aba
-abas
-aba
-ábamos
-aban
hablaba, hablabas, hablaba, hablábamos, hablabais, hablaban
regular -er
-ía
-ías
-ía
-íamos
-ían
comía, comías, comía, comíamos, comíais, comían
regular -ir
-ía
-ías
-ía
-íamos
-ían
vivía, vivías, vivía, vivíamos, vivíais, vivían
30
Q

Preterite: Ser y Ir

The preterite is used for past actions that are seen as completed.

A

Ser y Ir

fui
fuiste
fue
fuimos
fueron
31
Q

Preterite: Dar

The preterite is used for past actions that are seen as completed.

A

Dar

di
diste
dio
dimos
dieron
32
Q

Preterite: Hacer

The preterite is used for past actions that are seen as completed.

A

Hacer

hice
hiciste
hizo
hicimos
hicieron
33
Q

Imperfect: Ser
used to
The imperfect tense is used to refer to actions in the past that occurred repeatedly.

A

Ser

era	
eras	
era	
éramos	
eran
34
Q

Imperfect: Ir
used to
The imperfect tense is used to refer to actions in the past that occurred repeatedly.

A

ir

iba	
ibas	
iba	
íbamos	
iban
35
Q

Imperfect: Ver
used to
The imperfect tense is used to refer to actions in the past that occurred repeatedly.

A

ver

veía
veías
veía
veíamos
veían
36
Q

Expressions that signal use of preterite

A 
ayer
(yesterday)
la semana pasada
(last week)
anoche
(last night)
el mes pasado
(last month)
el otro día
(the other day)
el año pasado
(last year)
entonces
(then)
hace dos días, años
(two days, years ago)
esta mañana
(this morning)
ayer por la mañana
(yesterday morning)
37
Q

Expressions that signal use of imperfect

A 
a menudo
(often)
generalmente
(usually)
a veces
(sometimes)
muchas veces
(many times)
cada día
(every day)
siempre
(always)
cada año
(every year)
todo el tiempo
(all the time)
de vez en cuando
(from time to time)
varias veces
(several times)

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