傷寒論 flashcards - 方劑 (完整版)

1
Q

桂枝汤症

A

太阳病,头痛,发热,汗出,恶风 荣弱卫强

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2
Q

桂枝加葛根汤

A

太阳病,项背强几几,反汗出恶风者;臉部中風;扁桃腺發炎

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3
Q

桂枝加厚朴杏子汤

A

太阳病,下之微喘者,表未解故也,桂枝加厚朴杏子汤主之

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4
Q

桂枝加附子汤

A

(表証未除、陽氣虛弱、陰也不足)太阳病,发汗,遂漏不止,其人恶风,小便难,四肢微急,难以屈伸者

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5
Q

桂枝去芍药汤

A

(胸陽不振、表邪未解)太阳病,下之后,脉促,胸满者;表邪未解 胸陽受挫

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6
Q

桂枝去芍药加附子汤

A

太阳病,下之后,脉促,胸满者;表邪未解 胸陽受挫;若微寒者,桂枝去芍药加附子汤主之

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7
Q

桂枝新加汤

A

(表裡同病、裡虛為主)发汗后,身疼痛,脉沉迟者;營衛不合,氣營不足,經脈失養

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8
Q

麻黄汤

A

太阳病,头痛,发热,身疼,腰痛,骨节疼痛,恶风,无汗而喘者,麻黄汤主之

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9
Q

葛根汤

A

太阳病,项背强几几,无汗恶风,葛根汤主之

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10
Q

葛根加半夏汤

A

太阳与阳明合病,不下利,但呕者,葛根加半夏汤主之

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11
Q

大青龙汤

A

(風寒束表 內有郁熱)太阳中风,脉浮紧,发热恶寒,身疼痛,不汗出而烦躁者;風寒束表 內有郁熱 表寒裏熱

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12
Q

小青龙汤

A

(風寒束表 水飲內停)伤寒表不解,心下有水气,干呕发热而咳,或渴,或利,或噎,或小便不利,少腹满,或喘者,小青龙汤主之

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13
Q

桂枝麻黄各半汤

A

(表郁日久,邪輕症輕)太阳病,得之八九日,如疟状,发热恶寒,热多寒少,其人不呕,清便欲自可,一日二三度发。脉微缓者,为欲愈也;脉微而恶寒者,此阴阳俱虚,不可更发汗更下更吐也;面色反有热色者,未欲解也,以其不能得小汗出,身必痒,宜桂枝麻黄各半汤

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14
Q

桂枝二麻黄一汤

A

(表郁日久,邪微症微)服桂枝汤,大汗出,脉洪大者,与桂枝汤,如前法。若形似疟,一日再发者,汗出必解,宜桂枝二麻黄一汤

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15
Q

桂枝二越婢一汤

A

(表郁邪輕,外寒內熱)太阳病,发热恶寒,热多寒少,脉微弱者,此无阳也,不可发汗,宜桂枝二越婢一汤

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16
Q

梔子豉湯

A

(熱郁胸隔,心煩不得眠)發汗吐下後,虛煩不得眠,若劇者,必反覆顛倒,心中懊憹,梔子豉湯主之

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17
Q

栀子甘草豉汤

A

(熱郁胸隔,心煩不得眠)(中氣不足)若少气者,栀子甘草豉汤主之(發汗吐下後,虛煩不得眠,若劇者,必反覆顛倒,心中懊憹)

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18
Q

栀子生姜豉汤

A

(熱郁胸隔,心煩不得眠)若呕者,栀子生姜豉汤主之;發汗吐下後,虛煩不得眠,若劇者,必反覆顛倒,心中懊憹

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19
Q

栀子厚朴汤

A

(邪熱留擾胸膈,氣機阻滯於腹)伤寒下后,心烦腹满,卧起不安者,栀子厚朴汤主之

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20
Q

栀子干姜汤

A

(胸隔有熱,中焦有寒)伤寒,医以丸药大下之,身热不去,微烦者,栀子干姜汤主之

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21
Q

麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤

A

(邪熱壅肺,喘咳)发汗后,不可更行桂枝汤,汗出而喘,无大热者,可与麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤

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22
Q

白虎加人参汤

A

(陽明裏熱勝,津氣兩傷)服桂枝汤,大汗出后,大烦渴不解,脉洪大者,白虎加人参汤主之

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23
Q

葛根黄芩黄连汤

A

(熱盛於裏,邪熱下迫大腸)太阳病,桂枝证,医反下之,利遂不止,脉促者,表未解也;喘而汗出者,葛根黄芩黄连汤主之。

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24
Q

桂枝甘草汤

A

(心陽不足,心失所養)发汗过多,其人叉手自冒心,心下悸,欲得按者,桂枝甘草汤主之

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25
Q

桂枝甘草龙骨牡蛎汤

A

(心陽虛弱,心神不斂)火逆下之,因烧针烦躁者,桂枝甘草龙骨牡蛎汤主之

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26
Q

桂枝去芍药加蜀漆牡蛎龙骨救逆汤

A

(心陽虛弱,心神不斂,復被痰擾)伤寒脉浮,医以火迫劫之,亡阳,必惊狂,卧起不安者,桂枝去芍药加蜀漆牡蛎龙骨救逆汤主之

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27
Q

桂枝加桂湯

A

(心陽虛,下焦陰寒之氣乘虛上逆)烧针令其汗,针处被寒,核起而赤者,必发奔豚。气从少腹上冲心者,灸其核上各一壮,与桂枝加桂汤,更加桂二两也

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28
Q

茯苓桂枝甘草大枣汤(苓桂甘枣汤)

A

(心陽不足,下焦寒飲欲逆,小便不利)发汗后,其人脐下悸者,欲作奔豚,茯苓桂枝甘草大枣汤主之

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29
Q

茯苓桂枝白朮甘草汤(苓桂朮甘汤)

A

(脾虛水停,水氣上衝)伤寒若吐若下后,心下逆满,气上冲胸,起则头眩,脉沉紧,发汗则动经,身为振振摇者,茯苓桂枝白朮甘草汤主之

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30
Q

厚朴生姜半夏甘草人参汤

A

(脾虛)发汗后,腹胀满者,厚朴生姜半夏甘草人参汤主之

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31
Q

小建中汤

A

(中焦虛寒,氣血雙虧)伤寒二三日,心中悸而烦者,小建中汤主之

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32
Q

桂枝人参汤

A

(脾虛寒濕、表邪不解、表裡俱寒)太阳病,外证未除,而数下之,遂协热而利,利下不止,心下痞硬,表里不解者,桂枝人参汤主之

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33
Q

干姜附子汤

A

(陽氣爆虛,陰寒內盛)下之后,复发汗,昼日烦躁不得眠,夜而安静,不呕不渴,无表证,脉沉微,身无大热者,干姜附子汤主之

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34
Q

茯苓四逆汤

A

(陽虛陰寒內盛,虛陽上越,少陰陽虛,陰液不繼)发汗,若下之,病仍不解,烦躁者,茯苓四逆汤主之

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35
Q

真武汤

A

(腎陽虛,水氣氾濫)太阳病发汗,汗出不解,其人仍发热,心下悸,头眩,身潤动,振振欲擗地者,真武汤主之。

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36
Q

甘草干姜汤

A

(中陽不足)伤寒脉浮,自汗出,小便数,心烦,微恶寒,脚挛急,反与桂枝,欲攻其表,此误也。得之便厥,咽中干,烦躁吐逆者,作甘草干姜汤与之,以复其阳

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37
Q

芍药甘草汤

A

(酸甘化陰,柔筋緩急)若厥愈、足温者,更作芍药甘草汤与之,其脚即伸

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38
Q

芍药甘草附子汤

A

(陰陽兩虛、肌膚失溫,筋脈失養)发汗,病不解,反恶寒者,虚故也,芍药甘草附子汤主之

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39
Q

炙甘草汤

A

(心陰陽兩虛)伤寒脉结代,心动悸,炙甘草汤主之

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40
Q

五苓散

A

(水蓄膀胱,氣化不利,兼有表症未除)若脉浮,小便不利,微热消渴者,五苓散主之

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41
Q

茯苓甘草汤

A

(胃陽不足,水停中焦)伤寒汗出而渴者,五苓散主之;不渴者,茯苓甘草汤主之

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42
Q

桃核承气汤

A

(血熱瘀結下焦)太阳病不解,热结膀胱,其人如狂,血自下,下者愈。其外不解者,尚未可攻,当先解其外。外解已,但少腹急结者,乃可攻之,宜桃核承气汤

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43
Q

抵当汤

A

(熱與血結,病在下焦)太阳病,六七日表证仍在,脉微而沉,反不结胸,其人发狂者,以热在下焦,少腹当硬满,小便自利者,下血乃愈。所以然者,以太阳随经,瘀热在里故也,抵当汤主之

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44
Q

抵当丸

A

(瘀熱內結,病勢較緩)伤寒有热,少腹满,应小便不利,今反利者,为有血也,当下之,不可余药,宜抵当丸

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45
Q

大陷胸湯

A

(水結在胸脇,邪熱內陷與水飲相結,瀉下峻劑)太阳病,脉浮而动数,浮则为风,数则为热,动则为痛,数则为虚。客氣動膈,短氣躁煩,心中懊,陽氣內陷,心下因硬,則為結胸,大陷胸湯主之

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46
Q

大陷胸丸

A

(水熱互結,病位偏上)结胸者,项亦强,如柔痙状,下之则和,宜大陷胸丸

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47
Q

小陷胸汤

A

(痰熱結於心下)小结胸病,正在心下,按之则痛,脉浮滑者,小陷胸汤主之

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48
Q

白散

A

(寒痰水飲結胸脘)寒实结胸,无热证者,与三物小陷胸汤,白散亦可服

49
Q

大黄黄连泻心汤

A

(胃熱氣滯)心下痞,按之濡,其脉关上浮者,大黄黄连泻心汤主之

50
Q

附子泻心汤

A

(胃熱氣滯,衛陽不固)心下痞,而复恶寒汗出者,附子泻心汤主之

51
Q

半夏泻心汤

A

(脾胃升降失常,寒熱錯雜,噁心嘔吐)若心下满而硬痛者,此为结胸也,大陷胸汤主之。但满而不痛者,此为痞,柴胡不中与之,宜半夏泻心汤

52
Q

生姜泻心汤

A

(脾胃不和,寒熱錯雜、水飲食滯)伤寒汗出,解之后,胃中不和,心下痞硬,干噫食臭,胁下有水气,腹中雷鸣,下利者,生姜泻心汤主之

53
Q

甘草泻心汤

A

(脾胃重虛、寒熱錯雜、水谷不化)伤寒中风,医反下之,其人下利日数十行,谷不化,腹中雷鸣,心下痞硬而满,干呕,心烦不得安。医见心下痞,谓病不尽,复下之,其痞益甚,此非结热,但以胃中虚,客气上逆,故使硬也,甘草泻心汤主之

54
Q

旋覆代赭汤

A

(胃虛痰阻、肝胃氣逆)伤寒发汗,若吐若下,解后,心下痞硬,噫气不除者,旋覆代赭汤主之

55
Q

赤石脂禹余粮汤

A

(下元不固、小便不利、下痢不止)伤寒服汤药,下利不止,心下痞硬。服泻心汤已,复以他药下之,利不止。医以理中与之,利益甚。理中者,理中焦,此利在下焦,赤石脂禹余粮汤主之

56
Q

黄连汤

A

(胸胃有熱、腹中有寒,升降失調)伤寒胸中有热,胃中有邪气,腹中痛,欲呕吐者,黄连汤主之。

57
Q

十枣汤

A

(峻下逐水、水飲停聚胸脇)太阳中风,下利,呕逆,表解者,乃可攻之。其人漐漐汗出,发作有时,头痛,心下痞硬满,引胁下痛,干呕,短气,汗出,不恶寒者,此表解里未和也。十枣汤主之

58
Q

瓜蒂散

A

(痰飲阻滯胸隔、氣郁而不展,有上越之勢)病如桂枝证,头不痛,项不强,寸脉微浮,胸中痞硬,气上冲喉咽不得息者,此为胸有寒也,当吐之,宜瓜蒂散。

59
Q

桂枝附子汤

A

伤寒八九日,风湿相搏,身体疼烦,不能自转侧,不呕不渴,脉浮虚而涩者,桂枝附子汤主之。若其人大便硬,小便自利者,去桂加白朮汤主之

60
Q

甘草附子汤

A

风湿相搏,骨节疼烦,掣痛不得屈伸,近之则痛剧,汗出短气,小便不利,恶风不欲去衣,或身微肿者,甘草附子汤主之

61
Q

梔子豉湯

A

(熱擾胸隔)陽明病,下之,其外有熱,手足溫,不結胸,心中懊,飢不能食,但頭汗出者,梔子豉湯主之

62
Q

白虎汤

A

(表裡俱熱)伤寒,脉浮滑,此表有热,里有寒,白虎汤主之;三阳合病,腹满身重,难以转侧,口不仁面垢,谵语遗尿,发汗则谵语,下之则额上生汗,手足厥冷,若自汗出者,白虎汤主之

63
Q

白虎加人参汤

A

(熱盛汗出多,津氣兩傷)伤寒无大热,口燥渴,心烦,背微恶寒者,白虎加人参汤主之

64
Q

猪苓汤

A

(裏熱陰傷,水氣不利)若脉浮发热,渴欲饮水,小便不利者,猪苓汤主之

65
Q

調胃承气汤

A

(燥熱內盛,大便不通)太阳病三日,发汗不解,蒸蒸发热者,属胃也,調胃承气汤主之;阳明病,不吐不下,心烦者,可与调胃承气汤

66
Q

小承气汤

A

(熱實內結,腑氣不通)阳明病,其人多汗,以津液外出,胃中燥,大便必硬,硬则谵语,小承气汤主之

67
Q

大承气汤

A

二阳并病,太阳证罢,但发潮热,手足漐漐汗出,大便难而谵语者,下之则愈,宜大承气汤

68
Q

麻子仁丸

A

(胃熱腸燥津虧)跗阳脉浮而涩,浮则胃气强,涩则小便数,浮涩相搏,大便则硬,其脾为约,麻子仁丸主之

69
Q

蜜煎导而通之

A

(陰虛液虧,腸燥失潤)阳明病,自汗出,若发汗,小便自利者,此为津液内竭,虽硬不可攻之,当须自欲大便,宜蜜煎导而通之

70
Q

土瓜根及大猪胆汁

A

(陰虛液虧,腸燥失潤)阳明病,自汗出,若发汗,小便自利者,此为津液内竭,虽硬不可攻之,当须自欲大便,宜蜜煎导而通之,若土瓜根及大猪胆汁,皆可为导

71
Q

吴茱萸汤

A

(胃陽不足,濁陰上逆)食谷欲呕,属阳明也,吴茱萸汤主之;得汤反剧者,属上焦也

72
Q

茵陈蒿汤

A

(濕熱蘊結、薰蒸肝膽,兼腑氣壅滯)伤寒七八日,身黄如橘子色,小便不利,腹微满者,茵陈蒿汤主之

73
Q

栀子蘗皮汤(濕熱發黃輕証)

A

(濕熱蘊結、薰蒸肝膽,熱重濕輕)伤寒身黄,发热,栀子蘗皮汤主之

74
Q

麻黄连轺赤小豆汤

A

(濕熱蘊結、薰蒸肝膽,兼風寒束表)伤寒瘀热在里,身必黄,麻黄连轺赤小豆汤主之

75
Q

小柴胡汤

A

(邪犯少陽,膽火內郁,樞機不利)伤寒五六日,中风,往来寒热,胸胁苦满,嘿嘿不欲饮食,心烦喜呕。或胸中烦而不呕,或渴,或腹中痛,或胁下痞硬,或心下悸、小便不利,或不渴、身有微热,或咳者,小柴胡汤主之

76
Q

柴胡桂枝汤

A

(邪犯少陽,表証未解)伤寒六七日,发热,微恶寒,支节烦疼,微呕,心下支结,外证未去者,柴胡桂枝汤主之

77
Q

大柴胡汤

A

(少陽郁熱兼有陽明裡實)伤寒发热,汗出不解,心中痞硬,呕吐而下利者,大柴胡汤主之;太阳病,过经十余日,反二三下之,后四五日,柴胡证仍在者,先与小柴胡;呕不止,心下急,郁郁微烦者,为未解也,与大柴胡汤下之则愈

78
Q

柴胡加芒硝汤

A

(邪犯少陽,陽明裡實)伤寒发热,汗出不解,心中痞硬,呕吐而下利者,大柴胡汤主之。伤寒十三日不解,胸胁满而呕,日晡所发潮热,已而微利。此本柴胡证,下之以不得利,今反利者,知医以丸药下之,此非其治也。潮热者,实也。先宜服小柴胡汤以解外,后以柴胡加芒硝汤主之

79
Q

柴胡桂枝干姜汤

A

(少陽病兼水飲內結)伤寒五六日,已发汗而复下之,胸胁满微结,小便不利,渴而不呕,但头汗出,往来寒热,心烦者,此为未解也,柴胡桂枝干姜汤主之

80
Q

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤

A

(邪犯少陽,瀰漫三焦,表裡俱病,虛實互見)伤寒八九日,下之,胸满烦惊,小便不利,谵语,一身尽重,不可转侧者,柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤主之

81
Q

黄芩汤

A

(少陽邪熱內迫陽明,治在清熱止利)太阳与少阳合病,自下利者,与黄芩汤

82
Q

桂枝加芍药汤

A

(脾傷氣滯、腹满时痛)本太阳病,医反下之,因尔腹满时痛者,属太阴也,桂枝加芍药汤主之;大实痛者,桂枝加大黄汤主之。

83
Q

桂枝加大黄汤

A

(脾傷氣滯、腹满时痛)本太阳病,医反下之,因尔腹满时痛者,属太阴也,桂枝加芍药汤主之;大实痛者,桂枝加大黄汤主之。

84
Q

四逆汤

A

(腎陽虛衰、陰寒內盛、脈細微、想睡、自利口渴、小便色白、四肢厥逆)少阴病,脉沉者,急温之,宜四逆汤

85
Q

通脉四逆汤

A

(陰寒內盛、格陽於外)少阴病,下利清谷,里寒外热,手足厥逆,脉微欲绝,身反不恶寒。其人面色赤,或腹痛,或干呕,或咽痛,或利止脉不出者,通脉四逆汤主之

86
Q

白通汤

A

(陰寒內盛、格陽於上)少阴病,下利,白通汤主之

87
Q

白通加猪胆汁汤

A

(陽脫陰竭,寒熱格拒)少阴病,下利,脉微者,与白通汤。利不止,厥逆无脉,干呕烦者,白通加猪胆汁汤主之。服汤脉暴出者死,微续者生

88
Q

附子汤

A

(腎陽虛衰,寒濕內盛)少阴病,身体痛,手足寒,骨节痛,脉沉者,附子汤主之

89
Q

真武汤

A

(腎陽虛虧、水氣氾濫)少阴病,二三日不已,至四五日,腹痛,小便不利,四肢沉重疼痛,自下利者,此为有水气,其人或咳,或小便利,或下利,或呕者,真武汤主之

90
Q

桃花汤

A

(脾腎陽虛、寒濕凝滯、滑脫不禁)少阴病,下利便脓血者,桃花汤主之

91
Q

黄连阿胶汤

A

(陰虛火旺、心腎不交、口乾咽燥、脈沈細數)少阴病,得之二三日以上,心中烦,不得卧,黄连阿胶汤主之

92
Q

猪苓汤

A

(少陰熱化、陰虛水熱互結)少阴病,下利,六七日,咳而呕渴,心烦不得眠者,猪苓汤主之

93
Q

大承气汤

A

(少陰水虧土燥、真陰將竭、急下存陰)少阴病,得之二三日,口燥咽干者,急下之,宜大承气汤

94
Q

麻黄细辛附子汤

A

(少陰裡虛兼表証)少阴病,始得之,反发热,脉沉者,麻黄细辛附子汤主之

95
Q

麻黄附子甘草汤

A

(少陰裡虛兼表証)少阴病,得之二三日,麻黄附子甘草汤微发汗,以二三日无证,故微发汗也

96
Q

四逆散

A

(陽氣內郁、氣機不暢)少阴病,四逆,其人或咳,或悸,或小便不利,或腹中痛,或泄利下重者,四逆散主之

97
Q

吴茱萸汤

A

(中陽虛衰、寒濁中阻)少阴病,吐利,手足逆冷,烦躁欲死者,吴茱萸汤主之

98
Q

猪肤汤

A

(肺腎陰虧、虛火上擾)少阴病,下利,咽痛,胸满,心烦,猪肤汤主之

99
Q

甘草汤

A

(邪熱客於咽喉)少阴病,二三日,咽痛者,可与甘草汤;不差,与桔梗汤

100
Q

桔梗汤

A

(邪熱客於咽喉)少阴病,二三日,咽痛者,可与甘草汤;不差,与桔梗汤

101
Q

苦酒汤

A

(痰濁閉阻、咽喉不利)少阴病,咽中伤,生疮,不能语言,声不出者,苦酒汤主之

102
Q

半夏散及汤

A

(寒客咽喉、痰濕凝滯)少阴病,咽中痛,半夏散及汤主之

103
Q

乌梅丸

A

(上熱下寒、蛔蟲內擾)蛔上入其膈,故烦,须臾复止,得食而呕,又烦者,蛔闻食臭出,其人常自吐蛔。蛔厥者,乌梅丸主之。又主久利

104
Q

干姜黄芩黄连人参汤

A

(胃熱脾寒、寒熱格拒)伤寒本自寒下,医复吐下之,寒格,更逆吐下,若食入口即吐,干姜黄芩黄连人参汤主之。

105
Q

麻黄升麻汤

A

(陽氣內郁、肺熱脾寒)伤寒六七日,大下后,寸脉沉而迟,手足厥逆,下部脉不至,喉咽不利,唾脓血,泄利不止者,为难治,麻黄升麻汤主之

106
Q

当归四逆汤

A

(營血不足、寒凝經脈)手足厥寒,脉细欲绝者,当归四逆汤主之

107
Q

当归四逆加吴茱萸生姜汤

A

(血虛寒凝、兼有肝胃沈寒)若其人内有久寒者,宜当归四逆加吴茱萸生姜汤

108
Q

吴茱萸汤

A

(肝寒犯胃,濁陰上逆)干呕,吐涎沫,头痛者,吴茱萸汤主之

109
Q

白头翁汤

A

(肝經濕熱下迫大腸,下便膿血,顏色鮮豔、口渴洗冷飲)热利下重者,白头翁汤主之

110
Q

白虎汤

A

(郁熱內伏、陽不外達)伤寒,脉滑而厥者,里有热,白虎汤主之

111
Q

四逆汤

A

大汗出,热不去,内拘急,四肢疼,又下利,厥逆而恶寒者,四逆汤主之

112
Q

瓜蒂散

A

(痰食阻滯胸中、陽氣不能外達)病人手足厥冷,脉乍紧者,邪结在胸中,心下满而烦,饥不能食者,病在胸中,当须吐之,宜瓜蒂散

113
Q

茯苓甘草汤

A

(陽虛飲停)伤寒,厥而心下悸,宜先治水,当服茯苓甘草汤,却治其厥。不尔,水渍入胃,必作利也。

114
Q

四逆汤

A

呕而脉弱,小便复利,身有微热,见厥者难治,四逆汤主之

115
Q

小柴胡汤

A

呕而发热者,小柴胡汤主之

116
Q

小承气汤

A

(實熱下痢)下利谵语者,有燥屎也,宜小承气汤

117
Q

栀子豉汤

A

下利后,更烦,按之心下濡者,为虚烦也,宜栀子豉汤

118
Q

通脉四逆汤

A

(虛寒下痢)下利清谷,里寒外热,汗出而厥者,通脉四逆汤主之

119
Q

四逆汤

A

下利腹胀满,身体疼痛者,先温其里,乃攻其表,温里宜四逆汤,攻表宜桂枝汤