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flashcards 2

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What is evolution

A

A physical change that happens to an organism over time

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2
Q

What is adaptation?

A

A beneficial change that helps the organism

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3
Q

What is a chordate?

A

Has a notochord

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4
Q

What is an amphibian

A

Has a 2 chambered heart as a kid and a 3 chambered heart as an adult

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5
Q

How many chambered hearts do reptiles have?

A

3 chambered hearts (except for alligators who have 4)

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6
Q

What is needed for energy?

A

Respiration, food, and oxygen

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7
Q

What is behavior?

A

A response to a stimulus

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8
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

A signal that causes an organism to respond with a response

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9
Q

What is a response?

A

An organisms reaction to a stimulus

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10
Q

What is instinct?

A

Comes from DNA

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11
Q

What is imprinting?

A

When a newborn recognizes and follows the first moving object

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12
Q

What is conditioning?

A

A stimulus or response that leads to a good or bad outcome

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13
Q

What is trial and error learning?

A

Repeated practice that results in a reward and avoids behaviors that result in a punishment

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14
Q

What is insight learning?

A

Using what you know to solve a problem

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15
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

Shape and support, moving, protects the organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals

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16
Q

What is the vertebral column?

A

The backbone

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17
Q

What is a vertebrae?

A

Disk-like bones that are separated by cartilage

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18
Q

What is a joint?

A

Where two bones come together

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19
Q

What are immovable joints?

A

Bones that are not able to move

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20
Q

What are movable joints?

A

Bones that are able to move

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21
Q

What are ligaments?

A

A tissue holding bones together

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22
Q

What is cartilage?

A

A cushion that protects your bones and joints

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23
Q

What is a tendon?

A

A connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

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24
Q

What is a hinge joint?

A

A joint that you can move forward and backwards

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25
What are ball and socket joints?
Joints that have free movement
26
What is a pivot joint?
A joint that you can move from side to side
27
What is a gliding joint?
A joint that has a sliding motion
28
What is a contact bone?
Bones that are hard and dense.
29
What is a spongy bone?
Bones that have pores. They are light weight but they are very strong
30
What is marrow?
A soft tissue that is inside of the bone
31
What is osteoporosis?
A bone disease that when bones have a mineral loss, they become very weak and brittle
32
What are involuntary muscles?
Muscles not under consciousness
33
What are voluntary muscles?
Muscles that are under consciousness
34
What are striated muscles?
Muscles with lines
35
What are non striated muscles?
Muscles without lines
36
What are the 3 different types of muscles?
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
37
What is the largest organ in the human body?
The skin
38
What does the skin consist of?
The epidermis (outer layer) and the dermis (inner layer)
39
What is the upper epidermis?
The part of the dermis that is made up of dead skin cells
40
What is lower epidermis?
The skin producing factory. Consists of the living epidermal cells
41
What is the function of the epidermis?
Protects and produces melanin
42
What is melanin?
The skin color that protects against burning
43
What is the dermis?
Is located below the epidermis and is below the fat layer
44
What are sweat glands?
Produce perspiration
45
What are oil glands?
Waterproof hair and keeps the skin moist
46
What is below the dermis?
The fat layer, muscle, and bone
47
What is skin cancer?
A type of cancer that occurs when you are over exposed to sunlight and the skin cells start to divide uncontrollably
48
What are the different types of skin cancer?
Dangerous melonoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma
49
What is digestion?
The breakdown of food into nutrient molecules
50
What are the 2 types of digestion?
Mechanical and chemical digestion
51
What is mechanical digestion?
The physical breakdown of food by chewing
52
What is chemical digestion?
When chemicals breakdown the food
53
What is the mouth?
Where the digestion process begins
54
What are the types of teeth?
Incisors, canines, and molars
55
What are enzymes?
Products that speed up the chemical digestion
56
What is the esophagus?
A muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
57
What is the epiglottis?
A flap that seals up the trachea to the lungs
58
What is peristalsis?
Involuntary muscular contractions that push food into the stomach and through the intestines
59
What is the stomach?
Where food is stored and where the protein breakdown begins
60
What is digestive juice?
HCL acid and pepsin
61
What is pepsin?
Enzyme that breaks down the protein
62
What is HCL acid?
Chemical that breaks down solid food into paste. Also kills bacteria
63
What is mucus?
Covers the stomach walls which protect against ulcers
64
What is chyme?
When solid food is broken down into paste
65
What is the function of the small intestine?
Where most chemical digestion and absorption occurs
66
What is the function of the liver?
It breaks down medicine and alcohol
67
What is the function of the gallbladder?
It stores bile
68
What is the function of the pancreas?
It produces enzymes that are used in the small intestine
69
What is the function of the large intestine?
Contains good bacteria that produces vitamin K
70
What is the rectum?
Stores undigested solid waste
71
What is the anus?
A muscular opening at the end of the rectum

Science 7 Period 1 (6 decks)

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