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Science 7 Period 1 > flashcards 2 > Flashcards

flashcards 2

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is evolution

A

A physical change that happens to an organism over time

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2
Q

What is adaptation?

A

A beneficial change that helps the organism

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3
Q

What is a chordate?

A

Has a notochord

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4
Q

What is an amphibian

A

Has a 2 chambered heart as a kid and a 3 chambered heart as an adult

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5
Q

How many chambered hearts do reptiles have?

A

3 chambered hearts (except for alligators who have 4)

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6
Q

What is needed for energy?

A

Respiration, food, and oxygen

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7
Q

What is behavior?

A

A response to a stimulus

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8
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

A signal that causes an organism to respond with a response

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9
Q

What is a response?

A

An organisms reaction to a stimulus

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10
Q

What is instinct?

A

Comes from DNA

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11
Q

What is imprinting?

A

When a newborn recognizes and follows the first moving object

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12
Q

What is conditioning?

A

A stimulus or response that leads to a good or bad outcome

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13
Q

What is trial and error learning?

A

Repeated practice that results in a reward and avoids behaviors that result in a punishment

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14
Q

What is insight learning?

A

Using what you know to solve a problem

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15
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

Shape and support, moving, protects the organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals

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16
Q

What is the vertebral column?

A

The backbone

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17
Q

What is a vertebrae?

A

Disk-like bones that are separated by cartilage

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18
Q

What is a joint?

A

Where two bones come together

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19
Q

What are immovable joints?

A

Bones that are not able to move

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20
Q

What are movable joints?

A

Bones that are able to move

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21
Q

What are ligaments?

A

A tissue holding bones together

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22
Q

What is cartilage?

A

A cushion that protects your bones and joints

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23
Q

What is a tendon?

A

A connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

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24
Q

What is a hinge joint?

A

A joint that you can move forward and backwards

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25
Q

What are ball and socket joints?

A

Joints that have free movement

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26
Q

What is a pivot joint?

A

A joint that you can move from side to side

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27
Q

What is a gliding joint?

A

A joint that has a sliding motion

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28
Q

What is a contact bone?

A

Bones that are hard and dense.

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29
Q

What is a spongy bone?

A

Bones that have pores. They are light weight but they are very strong

30
Q

What is marrow?

A

A soft tissue that is inside of the bone

31
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

A bone disease that when bones have a mineral loss, they become very weak and brittle

32
Q

What are involuntary muscles?

A

Muscles not under consciousness

33
Q

What are voluntary muscles?

A

Muscles that are under consciousness

34
Q

What are striated muscles?

A

Muscles with lines

35
Q

What are non striated muscles?

A

Muscles without lines

36
Q

What are the 3 different types of muscles?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

37
Q

What is the largest organ in the human body?

A

The skin

38
Q

What does the skin consist of?

A

The epidermis (outer layer) and the dermis (inner layer)

39
Q

What is the upper epidermis?

A

The part of the dermis that is made up of dead skin cells

40
Q

What is lower epidermis?

A

The skin producing factory. Consists of the living epidermal cells

41
Q

What is the function of the epidermis?

A

Protects and produces melanin

42
Q

What is melanin?

A

The skin color that protects against burning

43
Q

What is the dermis?

A

Is located below the epidermis and is below the fat layer

44
Q

What are sweat glands?

A

Produce perspiration

45
Q

What are oil glands?

A

Waterproof hair and keeps the skin moist

46
Q

What is below the dermis?

A

The fat layer, muscle, and bone

47
Q

What is skin cancer?

A

A type of cancer that occurs when you are over exposed to sunlight and the skin cells start to divide uncontrollably

48
Q

What are the different types of skin cancer?

A

Dangerous melonoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma

49
Q

What is digestion?

A

The breakdown of food into nutrient molecules

50
Q

What are the 2 types of digestion?

A

Mechanical and chemical digestion

51
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

The physical breakdown of food by chewing

52
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

When chemicals breakdown the food

53
Q

What is the mouth?

A

Where the digestion process begins

54
Q

What are the types of teeth?

A

Incisors, canines, and molars

55
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Products that speed up the chemical digestion

56
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

A muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

57
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

A flap that seals up the trachea to the lungs

58
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Involuntary muscular contractions that push food into the stomach and through the intestines

59
Q

What is the stomach?

A

Where food is stored and where the protein breakdown begins

60
Q

What is digestive juice?

A

HCL acid and pepsin

61
Q

What is pepsin?

A

Enzyme that breaks down the protein

62
Q

What is HCL acid?

A

Chemical that breaks down solid food into paste. Also kills bacteria

63
Q

What is mucus?

A

Covers the stomach walls which protect against ulcers

64
Q

What is chyme?

A

When solid food is broken down into paste

65
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Where most chemical digestion and absorption occurs

66
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

It breaks down medicine and alcohol

67
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

It stores bile

68
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

It produces enzymes that are used in the small intestine

69
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Contains good bacteria that produces vitamin K

70
Q

What is the rectum?

A

Stores undigested solid waste

71
Q

What is the anus?

A

A muscular opening at the end of the rectum

Science 7 Period 1 (6 decks)

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