Flashcards
What is a Periodic Table?
A tabular representation of all known elements in order based on atomic number
The periodic table organizes elements by their atomic structure and properties.
What does Atomic Number refer to?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also called the proton number
The atomic number determines the identity of an element.
Define Periods in the context of the periodic table.
A horizontal row in the periodic table.
What are Groups in the periodic table?
A vertical column in the periodic table containing elements with similar chemical properties.
What is an Element?
A substance made of only one type of atom.
What is a Compound?
A substance where two or more elements have chemically joined together.
Define Mixture.
Two or more substances that are not joined together. The substances can be elements, compounds, or both.
What does Reactivity mean?
The tendency of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction.
What is the general property of Group 1 elements?
Group 1 metals are very soft metals which can be cut with a knife and are very reactive.
What happens when Group 1 metals react with water?
They produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
What is an example of a reaction involving Lithium from Group 1?
Lithium + Water → Lithium Hydroxide + Hydrogen
How do Group 2 metals react with acids?
They produce a salt and hydrogen. The name of the salt depends on the acid used.
What is produced when Magnesium reacts with Hydrochloric Acid?
Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen
What is the trend of reactivity in Group 2 elements?
Group 2 metals become more reactive when you go down the group.
What is the reactivity trend for Group 7 - The Halogens?
Group 7 elements become less reactive when you move down the group.
What is special about Group 0 - The Noble Gases?
Group 0 elements are not reactive because the atoms have full outer shells.
Give examples of Group 1 elements.
- Lithium - Li
- Sodium - Na
- Potassium - K
List examples of Group 2 elements.
- Beryllium - Be
- Magnesium - Mg
- Calcium - Ca
Name a few elements from Group 4.
- Carbon - C
- Silicon - Si
- Germanium - Ge
What are examples of Group 6 elements?
- Oxygen - O
- Sulfur - S
- Selenium - Se
Identify elements from Group 7.
- Fluorine - F
- Chlorine - Cl
- Bromine - Br
What are some applications of Ceramics?
Used for pottery and brick.
Describe the properties of Polymers.
Polymers have long molecules and unique properties suitable for various applications.
Fill in the blank: Group 1 metals are very ______ metals.
[soft]
True or False: Group 2 metals are more reactive than Group 1 metals.
False
Fill in the blank: Group 0 elements are not reactive because they have full ______ shells.
[outer]
What is the Periodic Table?
A table of all the known elements in order of their atomic number.
What are Groups in the Periodic Table?
Vertical columns on the periodic table.
What are Periods in the Periodic Table?
Horizontal rows on the periodic table.
Define an Atom.
The smallest piece of an element.
What is an Element?
A substance containing only one type of atom.
What is a Compound?
Two or more different elements which are chemically joined together.
What is a Mixture?
Two or more different elements or compounds which are not chemically joined together.
What is a Chemical Reaction?
A process in which one or more substances are changed into others, by their atoms being rearranged.
What is a Physical Reaction?
A process in which the physical properties are changed, but no new substances are made.
What is a Reactant?
A substance that reacts together with another substance to form products during a chemical reaction.
What is a Product?
A substance formed in a chemical reaction.
State the Conservation of Mass.
The total mass of the products in a chemical reaction will be the same as the total mass of the reactants.
Fill in the blank: The changes in a chemical reaction can be modeled using _______.
equations.
How are reactants and products represented in a chemical equation?
Reactants are shown on the left of the arrow, and products are shown on the right.
What happens in a balanced equation?
It gives the symbols and formulas of the substances involved.
What is the naming convention for a compound made of a metal and a non-metal?
The metal always goes first, and the ending of the non-metal changes to ‘ide’.
What is the naming convention for compounds that contain three or more elements including a metal, non-metal, and oxygen?
The metal goes first, and the ending of the non-metal changes to ‘ate’.
Give an example of a compound formed from a metal and a non-metal.
Copper + Oxygen → Copper Oxide.
Fill in the blank: In a physical change, a substance simply changes _______.
physical state.
What does it mean to balance a chemical equation?
To adjust the number of units of some substances until you have equal numbers of atoms on both sides of the arrow.
