Flashcards
What four resources did the people living along the Indus River have exclusive access to?
Cotton, Lapis Lazuli, Carnelian, and Tin
The people of the Fertile Crescent wanted these exotic resources from India in order to give them to their ______ and their _________.
The people of the Fertile Crescent wanted these exotic resources from India in order to give them to their GODS and their KINGS.
Why is it hard to know details about the people who lived in the Indus River Valley at the start of the Bronze Age?
We don’t know how to read their written language.
Because the people of India has exclusive access to materials that people in the Fertile Crescent wanted, merchants could charge a high _____ for those resources and cities could place a _____ on people who wanted to enter their community to buy it.
Because the people of India has exclusive access to materials that people in the Fertile Crescent wanted, merchants could charge a high PRICE for those resources and cities could place a TAX on people who wanted to enter their community to buy it.
How the Indus River Valley people use what they collected in taxes to benefit their people and increase the quality of life in their towns/cities?
They built sewer systems, toilets, and trash cans.
What may have caused the decline of the Indus River Valley civilziation?
A disease brought by foreign merchants
Where was the Minoan civilization located?
On the island of Crete, in the Mediterranean Sea
What do primary sources reveal about the religion of the Minoans?
- They worshipped a _____________
- They worshipped her through __________ and ________.
3.) Worship was led by a small group of __________.
What do primary sources reveal about the religion of the Minoans?
- They worshipped a SNAKE GODDESS
- They worshipped her through ANIMAL SACRIFICE and FEEDING HER.
3.) Worship was led by a small group of PRIESTESSES.
How did the Minoans acquire the things (wine, olive oil, grains etc.) they used to worship their goddess?
Taxed the people of their island and neighboring islands
Did the Minoans have a written language?
Yes! - Linear A (but we don’t know how to read it)
What changed about the Minoans following the collapse of the Indus River Valley civilization (around 1900 BCE)?
They began to take what they collected in taxes and trade it acquire tin.
Why did the Minoans want tin? (Two reasons)
1.) To make bronze gifts for their snake goddess
2.) To sell to people of the Fertile Crescent in exchange for luxury items for the women of their island and to pay for the construction of a sewer system
What led to the decline of the Minoans?
A tsunami (that was trigged by a volcanic eruption on the nearby island of Santorini)
What Indo-European group migrated to Greece in 1400 BCE and conquered the Minoans?
The Mycenaeans
What two Indo-European group migrated to Mesopotamia & conquered the empires there?
The Mitanni & The Kassites
What Indo-European groups migrated into Turkey?
The Hittites
What Indo-European groups migrated into South Asia?
The Aryans, Medes, Persians
What Indo-European group migrated into Italy?
The Latins
What Indo-European groups migrated into Western Europe?
The Germans & The Celts
What Indo-European group migrated into Northern Mesopotamia & Northern Levant?
The Mitanni
What allowed these Indo-European groups to so successfully and quickly migrate to these new lands?
They domesticated the horse and rode chariots
These tribes of Indo-Europeans all originally ______ the same ______ & ______ the same ______. But as they arrived in these new lands, their shared words, myths, & deity names began to _______.
These tribes of Indo-Europeans all originally WORSHIPPED the same GODS & SPOKE the same LANGUAGE. But as they arrived in these new lands, their shared words, myths, & deity names began to CHANGE.
True or False - The Indus River Valley cities and the Minoans were ruled by kings.
False!
The ___________ were one of the only groups to successfully reconquered their lands from new invaders during the Bronze Age.
The EGYPTIANS were one of the only groups to successfully reconquered their lands from new invaders during the Bronze Age.
Under a series of pharaohs (all named Thutmose!) the Egyptians turned their kingdom into an __________ in order to better _______ their land from foreign invasions.
Under a series of pharaohs (all named Thutmose!) the Egyptians turned their kingdom into an EMPIRE in order to better DEFEND their land from foreign invasions.
What are three factors that led to the Bronze Age collapse of kingdoms/empires across the Eastern Hemisphere?
Warfare, Earthquakes, & Drought
When did the Iron Age begin?
1000 BCE
In the early years of the Iron Age, new religions and philosophies began to develop that were centered around the Golden Rule. What is the golden rule?
Treat others as you want to be treated
During the wars between the mahajanapadas in India, a number of new religious ideas began to form and written down in the Upanishads.
One of those ideas is that all people have atmans. What is an atman?
A living thing’s soul
During the wars between the mahajanapadas in India, a number of new religious ideas began to form and written down in the Upanishads.
One of those ideas is that all atmans go through a cycle of samsara. What is samsara?
Every time a living thing dies their atman is reborn into a new life
During the wars between the mahajanapadas in India, a number of new religious ideas began to form and written down in the Upanishads.
One of those ideas is that souls are reborn according to the principle of karma. What is karma?
The principle that every action has either immediate or future consequences
During the wars between the mahajanapadas in India, a number of new religious ideas began to form and written down in the Upanishads.
One of those ideas is that the goal of life is to achieve moksha. What does it mean to achieve moksha?
Breaking free from the cycle of samsara (associated with salvation, freedom, liberation, release)
During the wars between the mahajanapadas in India, a number of new religious ideas began to form and written down in the Upanishads.
One of those ideas is that when you achieve moksha your soul will live in a state of nirvana. What is nirvana?
A perfect, eternal state of peace
What is the word used to describe a set of ideas on how to achieve moksha?
Dharma
According to Jainism, how do you achieve moksha?
Rid yourself of all of the bad karma your atman has ever accumulated by following the five principles.
According to Buddhism, how do you achieve moksha?
Rid yourself of desire by accepting the four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path.
According to Hinduism, how do you achieve moksha?
Develop an awareness that the world and one’s self are illusions and the Brahman is the only reality by following your universal and personal duties.
During the Warring States Period of China, a number of new philosophies developed about how people are supposed to act to produce a orderly society.
What was the philosophy of Confucianism about?
Developing good habits, being respectful, and following the good examples set by others.
During the Warring States Period of China, a number of new philosophies developed about how people are supposed to act to produce a orderly society.
What was the philosophy of Mohism about?
Universal love and equality
During the Warring States Period of China, a number of new philosophies developed about how people are supposed to act to produce a orderly society.
What was the philosophy of Daoism about?
Balance, simplicity, and keeping to yourself.
During the Warring States Period of China, a number of new philosophies developed about how people are supposed to act to produce a orderly society.
What was the philosophy of Legalism about?
Making people afraid of acting “bad” through laws, punishments, and fear.
The kingdom of _____ won the Warring States Period in China and applied the philosophy of _____ to all of the people of China.
The kingdom of QIN won the Warring States Period in China and applied the philosophy of LEGALISM to all of the people of China.
