Flashcards
What are the five subdivisions of the urinary and genital systems discussed in embryology?
The five subdivisions are:
* Nephric system
* Vesicourethral unit
* Gonads
* Genital duct system
* External genitalia
At what week of development does the urogenital system arise?
The urogenital system arises during the 4th week of development.
What is the nephrogenic ridge?
The nephrogenic ridge is the part of the urogenital ridge that forms the urinary system.
List the three sets of kidneys that develop sequentially in the embryo.
The three sets of kidneys are:
* Pronephros
* Mesonephros
* Metanephros
What is the fate of the pronephros during embryonic development?
The pronephros is rudimentary, nonfunctional, and regresses completely.
What does the mesonephros become associated with?
The mesonephros becomes associated with the male reproductive organs.
What is Bowman’s capsule?
Bowman’s capsule is a cuplike outgrowth that contains a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus.
At what anatomical location do the kidneys ascend to during development?
The kidneys ascend to their adult anatomical location at T12-L3.
True or False: Urine formation begins at the end of the first trimester.
True
What are the adult derivatives of the ureteric bud?
The adult derivatives are:
* Ureter
* Renal pelvis
* Major and minor calyces
* Collecting tubules
What is the clinical correlation of bilateral renal agenesis?
Bilateral renal agenesis results in oligohydramnios and characteristic physical deformations known as Potter facies.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a vestigial structure that disappears completely by the 4th week of embryonic life.
[pronephros]
What is the condition called that is characterized by the presence of many heterogeneous cysts within the parenchyma of the kidney?
Congenital Polycystic Disease of the Kidneys
What happens in horseshoe kidney?
Horseshoe kidney occurs when the inferior poles of the kidneys fuse together.
What is the significance of the urogenital ridge?
The urogenital ridge serves as the common origin for the urinary and reproductive systems and has homologous structures.
What is an urachal fistula?
An urachal fistula is an abnormal communication between the urinary bladder and the umbilicus.
What occurs if the ureteric bud fails to develop?
Absence of a kidney occurs, known as renal agenesis.
List the stages in nephrogenesis.
The stages are:
* Formation of solid cluster of metanephrogenic mass
* Hollows into a renal vesicle
* Elongation into metanephric tubules
What is the relationship between the urinary and reproductive systems during development?
Malformation of one system affects the other due to their close association.
What is the result of ectopic kidneys?
Ectopic kidneys occur when a kidney has failed to migrate to its adult anatomical location.
What is the role of the ureteric bud in kidney development?
The ureteric bud forms the duct system of the kidney.
True or False: Nephrogenesis ceases at birth in humans.
True
