Flashcards
What two new things did some humans acquire as they migrated around the world?
1.) New skin tones
2.) Dogs
What year did the Holocene & the Neolithic Era begin?
10,000 BCE
What is another way to describe the Neolithic Era?
The New Stone Age
When the Holocene began ____ & _____ around the world rose.
Temperatures and water levels
The Holocene is the name for the current _________ we are in.
interglacial period
When the Holocene began ____ started to shrink.
glaciers
True or False - When the Holocene began there were plant and animal populations decreased.
False - they increased! There were more plants and animals everywhere.
What is the name for the new kind of environment that began to form around the world during the Holocene?
River Valley Environments
What are some of the commons features of a River Valley environment?
(Make sure you can list all of them - there are 8.)
- Large river
- Fertile soils
- Wetlands
- Heavy rainfall
- Wild, unpredictable floods
- Warm temperatures year-round
- Large number of easy to hunt animals
- Large number of edible plants
The red shaded areas of this map are where the largest river valleys on the planet are located.
What area of the world is A?
Central America
The red shaded areas of this map are where the largest river valleys on the planet are located.
What area of the world is B?
Western Coast of South America
The red shaded areas of this map are where the largest river valleys on the planet are located.
What area of the world is C?
Egypt
The red shaded areas of this map are where the largest river valleys on the planet are located.
What area of the world is D?
Mesopotamia
The red shaded areas of this map are where the largest river valleys on the planet are located.
What area of the world is E?
Northwest India
The red shaded areas of this map are where the largest river valleys on the planet are located.
What area of the world is F?
Northern China
What impact did the increase in the number of plants and animals in the world have on hunter-gatherers?
More food available for them to hunt and gather
What impact did the rise in water levels and disappearance of land bridges have on hunter-gatherers?
Hunter-gatherers in the Americas and Australia get isolated from the rest of the human population.
Why did many hunter-gatherer groups migrate during the Holocene to live in river valley environments?
There was more food and water there than any other kind of environment.
Why did some hunter-gatherer groups NOT migrate during the Holocene to live in river valley environments?
Wild, unpredictable flooding
The discovery of stone houses and permanent ritual sites in river valley environments suggests that early Holocene hunter-gatherers living in stopped being ____ and started living ______ lifestyles.
The existence of stone houses and permanent ritual sites in river valley environments suggests that hunter-gatherers living in stopped being NOMADIC and started living SEDENTARY lifestyles.
What does the word sedentary mean?
Staying in one place for a long period of time.
What does the word nomadic mean?
Living in no one single location and moving to and from different spots all year long
Why did river valley hunter gatherers not have to be nomadic?
- There were so many animals in river valley environments that there was no need to migrate to find them
- Weather was warm year-round so plants were always growing/available to gather, no need to migrate each season
The discovery of mortar and pestles & stone bowls in river valley environments suggests that early Holocene hunter-gatherers started to …
Bake bread and brew beer
