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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Movement

A

Change of position or place.

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2
Q

Respiration

A

Chemical reactions that break down nutrients & release energy.

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3
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment.

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4
Q

Growth

A

Permanent increase in size

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5
Q

Reproduction

A

Process that makes more of the same kind of organism

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6
Q

Excretion

A

Removal of toxic materials or substances in excess of requirement.

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7
Q

Nutrition

A

Taking in materials for energy, growth, and development.

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

Net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration as a result of random movement.

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9
Q

Osmosis

A

Solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.

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10
Q

Hypertonic

A

High solute concentration and low water concentration

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11
Q

Hypotonic

A

Low solute concentration and high water concentration.

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12
Q

Concentration Gradient

A
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13
Q

Plant tissue in a hypertonic solution

A

water from the cytoplasm moves outside, shrinking the cell.

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14
Q

Water potential

A

Depends on pressure, volume and concentration.

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15
Q

Biological molecules

A

Chemical elements that make up carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

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16
Q

What are starch and glycogen

A

Large polymer molecules made from glucose.

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17
Q

What are proteins

A

Long chains of amino acids linked together.

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18
Q

What are fats and oils

A

Fats: Solids at rtp of 20°C and pressure of 1atm
Oils: Oils are liquid at rtp, made of fatty acids and glycerol.

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19
Q

Test for Starch

A

Iodine test

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20
Q

Test for Reducing Sugars

A

Benedict test

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21
Q

Test for Proteins

A

Biuret test

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22
Q

Test for fats and oils

A

Ethanol Emulsion test

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23
Q

Most important solvent

A

Water

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24
Q

What are Enzymes

A

Proteins that function as biological catalysts that speeds up the reaction rate without getting involved in the reaction.

25
Q

What are catalysts

A

Substances that speed up the reaction rate.

26
Q

Cell wall

A

Maintains the shape and structure of the cells. Made from cellulose.

27
Q

Cell membrane

A

Protects/separates the cell from its surroundings. controls the movement in and out of cells.

28
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jelly-like substance that fills the cell and suspends organelles in place.

29
Q

Nucleus

A

Where all genetic material is stored and tells the cell what to do.

30
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Structure containing Chlorophyll.

31
Q

Vacuole

A

Stores nutrients and maintains water and pH balance required by a cell to survive, and stores waste products
preventing the cell from contamination

32
Q

Ribosomes

A

Receive instructions from the RNA to synthesize proteins

33
Q

Mitochondria

A

Gives the cell its energy

34
Q

Stem cells

A

Undifferentiated cells that can divide and produce differentiated
cells within the tissue

35
Q

Ciliated cells

A

With tiny hair-like projections that can move.

36
Q

Palisade mesophyll cells

A

In the upper part of the leaf with a large number of chloroplasts.

37
Q

Red blood cells

A

They do not have a nucleus, so they cannot divide. They
are made in bone marrow, last 120 days and are filled with haemoglobin to
pick up oxygen from the lungs.

38
Q

Human sex cells

A

Sperm cell and egg cell.

39
Q

Root hair cells

A

Specialized cells at the tip of a plant root, allows the plant
to absorb more water and minerals

40
Q

What is Magnification

A

Magnification is the process of enlarging the apparent size

41
Q

What is a solution

A

A solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances.

42
Q

Solvent

A

Usually the liquid, it is the one present in bigger concentration

43
Q

Solute

A

The one present in smaller concentration.

44
Q

Diluted solution

A

Contains more solvent that solute

45
Q

Concentrated solution

A

Contains more solute than solvent

46
Q

Turgid

A

Becoming hard and swollen.

47
Q

Lysis

A

Burst.

48
Q

All three biomolecules contain:

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

49
Q

Polymers

A

Large molecules made of
monomers and make up many of the materials
in nature

50
Q

What are Proteins made from

A

Peptides

51
Q

What are Carbohydrates made from

A

Simple sugars

52
Q

What are Lipids made from

A

Fatty acids and glycerol.

53
Q

Fats at rtp

A

Solid at room temperature of 20° and pressure of 1atm

54
Q

Oils at rtp

A

liquid at room temperature.

55
Q

What do carbohydrates provide

A

energy

56
Q

What do lipids provide

A

Give the cells structure and allow substances to enter and leave the cells.

57
Q

What do proteins help us build

A

Muscle

58
Q

What are peptides

A

Long chains of amino acids linked together to form chains

59
Q

Magnification formula+example

A

Magnification= Image size/ actual size

Combined Science (1 decks)

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