flashcards
(399 cards)
1
Q
Sunburn can lead to the development of bitter flavors in grapes. True or False
A
True
2
Q
What are nematodes
A
Microscopic worms that attack the roots of the vine.
3
Q
Once a vineyard has been infected with a virus, what are the options for eradicating the virus?
A
Dig up the vineyard and sanitize the land.
4
Q
Why might a grape grower choose to trellis a vineyard?
A
To increase the amount of sunlight that gets into the canopy. To aid mechanization in the vineyard. To improve air circulation through the leaves and grapes.
5
Q
What is another name of Guyot training is another name?
A
replacement cane
6
Q
What equipment or techniques can help protect vineyards from spring frost?
A
Heaters and planting on slopes.
7
Q
Is higher or lower density planting more suitable for a vineyard that is close to the coast and receives high levels of rainfall throughout the year, although the soil fertility is low.
A
Higher density planting.
8
Q
Is higher or lower density planting more suitable for a vineyard that is inland in a hot region that receives very limited rainfall and has limited irrigation water available
A
Lower density planting.
9
Q
Above what mean daily temperature does budburst usually start?
A
50 degree
10
Q
What is the purpose of summer pruning?
A
To restrict the vegetative growth of the cine and direct sugar production to the grape.
11
Q
What is the purpose of winter pruning?
A
To determine the number and location of the buds that will form shoots in the coming growing season.
12
Q
What are some advantages of supporting biodiversity in the vineyard?
A
It provides habitats for predators of vine pests. It provides additional nutrients for vines. It captures CO2.
13
Q
Which aromas and flavors result from deliberate oxidation?
A
Almond, caramel, toffee.
14
Q
Which aromas and flavors result from fermentation or maturation in oak?
A
Cloves, coconut, and vanilla.
15
Q
When the winemaking process is protected from the effects of oxygen, it is called ___ winemaking?
A
Anaerobic
16
Q
Is the principal yeast involved in alcoholic fermentation tolerant of high level of sulfur dioxide?
A
Yes.
17
Q
What challenges do winemakers face when using oak barrels?
A
They are expensive and they are difficult to clean.
18
Q
What acid is used for acidification?
A
Tartaric acid
19
Q
In red wine making, what is done right after fermentation?
A
Pressing
20
Q
In what climates is sugar a problem?
A
Cool climates.
21
Q
What yeast is used in commercial wine making?
A
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
22
Q
What kind of bacteria carry out MLC?
A
Lactic acid bacteria
23
Q
Why might a winemaker choose to keep lees in contact with wine?
A
To add additional flavors and to add texture.
24
Q
Can blending occur at any time during the winemaking process?
A
Yes.
25
What machine can speed up sedimentation?
Centrifuge.
26
What kind of filter is most likely used right before bottling?
A surface filter.
27
What harmless crystals form over time in wine?
Tartrates
28
Technical corks are only suitable for high volume wines intended to be drunk now. True or False.
False
29
What type of filtration can handle making cloudy wines clear?
depth filtration
30
Do chemical reactions with oxygen on the grapes occur slower at cool temps?
Yes.
31
What is enrichment?
Increasing the sugar levels by adding RCGM.
32
Which vessels are airtight and inert?
Stainless steel tanks and cement tanks with epoxy resin.
33
What is sedimentation?
Allowing deposits of wine to settle at the bottom.
34
What is fining?
Using a special agent to bond to the wine to clump together
35
What is filtering?
To physically remove unwanted particles of wine.
36
When does pressing occur in red wine making?
after fermentation
37
When does pressing occur in white wine making?
before fermentation
38
Which method of production is used in producing: Recioto della valpolicella? Sparkling Asti, Eiswein? Tokaji Aszu?
Recioto > using dried grapes ; Sparkling Asti > Stopping fermentation with a high dose of so2, then chilling and filtering out the remaining yeast ; Eiswein > frozen grapes ; Tokaji Aszu > noble rot grapes
39
In sweet winemaking, how can alcoholic fermentation be stopped?
By chilling the fermenting wine, by adding unfermented grape juice, and by adding a high does of so2
40
What steps can a winemaker take to encourage malolactic conversation in white wines?
Raising the temp of wine after fermentation and refraining from adding so2 after fermentation.
41
What flavors do orange wines exhibit?
Dried herbs, dried fruits, and nuts
42
What effect does carbonic maceration have on wine?
Creates fresher fruit profile
43
What is the purpose of cold maceration in red wine making?
To extract flavor compounds and to extra color.
44
What is the order of white wine making?
Crush, press, ferment, rack off gross lees, MLC, blend, package
45
What are some of the benefits of retaining some of the solids in the juice after crushing and pressing in white winemaking?
To add complexity and texture
46
At what temperatures does white wine ferment? Red wine?
54-72 Fahrenheit
47
At what temperatures does red wine ferment?
68-90 Fahrenheit
48
What process does carbonic maceration encourage in grapes?
Intracellular fermentation
49
What is the order of red wine making?
Crush, ferment, drain, press, blend, package
50
In what country is Gruner Veltliner the most extensively planted grape variety?
Austria
51
Weinviertel DAC is the largest vine growing area and the first DAC in Austria. It’s in the ____ region.
Niederosterreich region
52
What style of German wine is likely to be the ripest in style with more sweetness and body than others?
Auslese
53
What is the most important black grape variety in Germany?
Pinot Noir
54
Which grape variety in most likely to have a golden color and aromas of lychees, roses, and sweet baking spices?
Gewurztraminer
55
Which soil type is most common in Mosel?
slate
56
What is the subregion of Pfalz?
Forst
57
What characteristics are associated with each grape varietal in Alsace?
Muscat Ottonel - not very aromatic but produces a reliable crop. Muscat blanc a petits grains- aromatic but prone to rot
58
What is a white wine that has concentrated lemon and perch aromas with hints of white pepper?
Gruner veltliner from Wachau
59
What’s the most widely planted grape in Franker, Germany?
silvaner
60
Two regions in Pfalz, popular for their Trocken riesling.
Alsace and Wachau
61
What are the two most prestigious villages in Pfalz?
Frost and Deidescheim
62
What effect do the Haardt mountains have on the vineyards in Pfalz?
They create a rain shadow, making the area dry with risk of water stress.
63
What aromas would be characteristic of a young riesling from the Pfalz region?
Apple, lemon, peach, apricot, and melon.
64
In the production of a young Trocken riesling from Pfalz, explain the different wine techniques.
Early harvest > retain acidity, bottle ageing > allow complexity to develop, MCL > avoided, Fermentation in oak > avoided.
65
What techniques can be used to promote medium sweet to sweet German rieslings?
Allowing grapes to freeze on vein, including BA grapes, addition of sussreserve (not for high quality rieslings though), stopping fermentation early.
66
Compared to a young Trocken riesling, how would a Grosses Pfalz riesling compare?
A GG riesling would have more complexity, the fruit would be more pronounced, the fruit would appear riper, but the sweetness of the wine wouldn’t change.
67
Compare a young Trocken riesling, a mature Wachau riesling, and a young SGN riesling from Alsace.
A sweet, medium lemon wine, with pronounced a+F intensity, high acidity and full body > a young SGN riesling ; A dry, deep gold wine with pronounced A+F, high acidity and full body > Mature riesling from Wachau ; A dry, pale, lemon wine with medium A+F, high acidity, and medium body >young riesling from Pfalz
68
Describe a young Geurztraminer.
likely to be medium lemon, have pronounced flavor intensity, off dry, low acidity, high alcohol, full body, and pronounced flavor intensity.
69
Will the sweetness of a riesling change if cellered?
No
70
Describe a young riesling from Pfalz.
dry, medium in alcohol, pale lemon in color
71
Describe a spatlese from Mosel.
medium-dry, low in alcohol, medium lemon in color
72
Which appellations come from which regions in the Loire? Savennieres
Anjou Saumur
73
Which appellations come from which regions in the Loire? Vouvray
Touraine
74
Which appellations come from which regions in the Loire? Muscadet sevre et maine
Nantais
75
Which appellations come from which regions in the Loire? Pouilly Fume?
Central Vineyards
76
Does Montagny only produce white wines?
yes
77
What fermentation vessel is most likely used in Touraine to ferment sauvignon blanc?
Temperature controlled stainless steel tank.
78
What styles of Chardonnay are produced in Maconnais?
Chablis. Ripe peach and pineapple with toasty oak; concentrated lemon and high acidity.
79
Which AOC in Bordeaux is only permitted to make white wine?
Entre deux-mers
80
What grape varieties are grown in Burgundy?
Aligote and Chardonnay
81
Which rivers divide Bordeaux?
Dordogne and garonne rivers
82
Why are mid slope vineyards most desirable in Burgundy?
They are less prone to frost.
83
Which appellation in the valley of River Layon is known for sweet wine production?
Coteaux du Layon.
84
What gives muscadet its rich texture?
Spending time on lees
85
Which appellation is most likely used for medium sweet roses made from cab franc and cab sauv?
Cabernet d’anjou
86
What’s the order of sub regions in the loire valley from east to west?
Central Vineyards, Touraine, Anjour-Saumur, and Nantais
87
What can cab franc contribute to cab sauv ?
Vibrant fruit and floral notes
88
What is the order of bordeaux appellations from north to south?
Saint estephe, pauillac, saint julien, and margaux.
89
What is Cahors known for producing which grape varieties?
malbec
90
What is jurancon known for producing?
petit menseng
91
What is Cote de gascogne known for producing?
Ugni blanc
92
What is Madiran know for producing?
Tannat
93
What’s the climate of the Nantais?
Maritime
94
In addition to cab franc, what are the other grape varieties grown in the Loire?
Gamay and pinot noir
95
Which grape varieties prefer to be planted in stony or gravel soils?
Cab franc and cab sauv.
96
How might limestone and clay soils in Touraine affect the style of red wine produced?
Fuller bodied, more tannic
97
How might sandy soils in Touraine affect the style of red wine produced?
light fruity styles
98
Which aromas are typically associated with Gamay?
Cherry and raspberry
99
Where in Cote d’or are the fullest body, longest lived pinot noirs found?
Cote de nuits
100
Which grape variety is dominant in Beaujolais?
Gamay
101
Does beaujolais utilize strong oak flavor often?
no
102
When can a beaujolais nouveau be released to consumers?
The 3rd Thursday in November after the vintage
103
Does chablis produce pinot noir?
No
104
What is the style of wine produced in the Broilly and Fleurie cru in Beaujolais?
Lighter, more perfumed style
105
What is the style of wine produced in the Moulin a vent and Morgon cru in Beaujolais?
Higher fruit concentration and more age potential.
106
Which communes belong to cote de nuits?
vosne romanee, vougeot, and gevrey chambertin
107
Which communes belong to cote de beaune?
volnay, pommard, meursault.
108
What appellations are in Burgundy?
sanin veran, rully, pouilly fuisse, and givry
109
What appellations are in Beaujolais?
Broilly, fleurie, moulin a vent, and morgon
110
Which appellations are found in the Northern Rhone ?
Cote rotie, hermitage, condrieu, and cornas
111
Which appellations are found in the Southern Rhone?
Tavel, Lirac, Vacqueryras, and gigondas
112
Which appellation produces intense roses from grenache and cinsault?
Tavel
113
What are common grape varieties in southern Rhone?
Cinsalt, syrah, and grenache,
114
What is the only permitted grape in Northern Rhone?
Syrah
115
What effects do fermenting black grapes with viognier in the northern rhone have?
Color stabilization and extra aromatic intensity.
116
Do gigondas and vacqueyras make grenache blends?
Yes
117
What is the wind that is known in the northern Rhone?
Mistral wind
118
What does a typical red wine taste like in northern rhone?
Black pepper, medium to high tannin, black fruit aromas.
119
Which moderating influences are present in Minervois?
Altitude and cooling ocean breezes.
120
Which grape varieties make up a majority of production in languedoc?
Carignan, grenache, syrah, and mourvedre.
121
Which grape varieties produce higher quality wines in Carinena and Calatayud?
Carinena and Garnacha.
122
What best describes the climate of Rias Baixas?
Cooler and wetter with greater vintage variation.
123
How long must a gran reserva be matured in barrel?
18 months
124
What is the minimum period a red crianza is matured in barrel?
6 months
125
Group the Spanish wine making regions. Toro, la mancha, jumilla, yecla, valencia, rueda, valdepenas
Toro + Rueda; Valdepenas + La Mancha, Jumilla + Yecla + Valencia
126
With the exception of northwest spain, what is the biggest challenge grape growers face in spain?
lack of water.
127
Which of the following is a feature of Ribera del Duero?
High altitudes
128
What is the term used for a spanish wine produced by a single estate of high reputation, using their own grapes that have been vinified and matured on their estate?
vino de pago
129
What are the subregions of Rioja?
Alavesa, Oriental, and Alta.
130
What style of wine is typically made from Verdejo?
Light bodied white wines with medium to high acidity.
131
Which popular regions in France and Spain produce grenache?
Spain: Navarra + Rioja. France: cotes du rhone, southern rhone, languedoc-roussillon, provence.
132
What grape varieties are often blended with grenache?
Tempranillo, carignan, mourvedre, syrah, and cinsault.
133
Explain the features of the grenache grape.
Grenache is a thin skinned grape, late ripening variety that needs a warm climate. Therefore, the grapes are high in sugar, low in acidity. Overall, wines made from grenache are usually full body.
134
Explain a young, Spanish wine made from garnacha tinta.
The wine is medium ruby, has medium aroma intensity and is youthful. It has aromas of red plum, redcurrant, strawberry, raspberry and cherry. It is dry with medium acidity, low tannin, high alcohol and full body. It has a medium flavour intensity and medium(+) finish. The wine is very good and can be drunk now but has potential for ageing.
135
Are wines made from the garnacha grape age-worthy?
yes.
136
Explain the flavors of a Spanish Garnacha that has been aged for 2 years in oak.
The wine is medium garnet, has medium aroma intensity and is developing. It has aromas of red plum, redcurrant, strawberry, vanilla, smoke and leather. It is dry with medium acidity, low tannin, high alcohol and full body. It has a medium flavour intensity and medium(+) finish. The wine is very good and can be drunk now but has potential for ageing.
137
Which French regions are popular for producing the most famous roses?
Lirac, Provence, and Tavel.
138
Describe a southern Rhone grenache such as chateauneuf du pape.
The wine would be medium ruby in color, have medium acidity, full body, and have a long finish.
139
Name a wine region in Portugal that produces red wines.
Bairrada.
140
Which grape varietal is associated with which varietal?
Aragones + Trincadeira > Alentejo; Touriga Franca + Tinta Barroca > Doura; Jaen + Alfracheiro > Dao; Loureira > Vinho Verde.
141
Which region in Greece trains their vines in a basket like shape?
santorini
142
What are the five principal grape varieties of Duoro?
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Barroca, and Tinto Cao.
143
What is the minimum oak aging requirement for vinsanto wines?
2 yrs.
144
Which appellation is most likely to produce dry white wines with perfumed aromas of ripe citrus, stone fruit, and naturally high in acidity?
Santorini (Assyrtiko grape)
145
Pair the grape varietals with their regions in Greece.
Agirgitiko > Nemea; Xinomavro > Naossa; Assyrtiko > Santorini.
146
Name an IGP region of Southern Portugal.
Alentejano.
147
Which region in Portugal is likely to produce a red wine with delicate red fruit aromas, soft tannins, and high acidity?
dao.
148
What is the correct process for the ripasso method? Before it finishes fermentation, amarone is drained off the skins.
Unpressed amarone skins are added to volpolicella wine that finished fermentation. Yeast present on the grape skins ferment the remaining sugar in the skins. During fermentation, the amarone skins give more color, flavor, and tannins to the volpolicella wine.
149
What are the characteristics of dolcetto d’alba?
Medium to high tannins, deep purple color, and aromas of red cherries and dried herbs.
150
Which region produces a rich, full bodied, pinot grigio with ripe peach and tropical fruit flavors?
Friuli-venezia Giulia.
151
What is the main grape variety in alto adige and trentino?
Pinot grigio.
152
Which winemaking technique would you generally associate with the production of Amarone?
using dried grapes
153
Which traditional trellising method was commonly used in the north of Italy to encourage air circulation and minimize rot?
pergola
154
When can Barbaresco be released to consumers?
From the January of the 3rd year after harvest.
155
Match the appellations with the region in northern Italy.
Colli DOC>Friuli-Venezia Giulia; Alto adige DOC > Trentino- Alto Adige; Soave DOC> Veneto; Barbera d’asti >Piemonte.
156
Which moderating natural factors are present in the wine region of Gavi?
sea breezes and altitude
157
List the black grape varieties of italy and white grape varieties.
Black > barbera, corvina, nebbiolo, and dolcetto; white > garganega and cortese.
158
Is Nebbiolo an early ripening grape?
yes
159
Nebbiolo is a black, slow ripening grape. Please list the characteristics of Nebbiolo.
High acidity, high tannin, pale in color.
160
Which direction would nebbiolo be least likely to be planted on?
north-facing slopes
161
Which regions of piemonte are most famous for making 100% nebbiolo grapes?
Barolo and Barbaresco.
162
Is barolo or barbaresco at a higher altitude?
barolo
163
Would you expect the climate in barbaresco (with the influence of the river and lower altitude to be warmer or colder?
warmer
164
Do grapes ripen earlier or later in barbaresco compared to barolo?
earlier
165
Are wines produced in barbaresco fruitier or less fruity than those produced in barolo?
more fruity
166
Given the climate that nebbiolo thrives in, which of the following grape varieties is it most similar to?
pinot noir
167
What is the total aging time required for barolo? Barbaresco?
Barbaresco > 26 months, 9 in oak; barolo > 38 months, 18 months in oak.
168
Which black grapes are Puglia most famous for?
negro amaro and primitivo
169
Which grape variety is Tuscany most famous for?
sangiovese
170
How long must Chianti Classico be aged? Chianti classico reserva?
Classico > 12 months; reserva > 24 months.
171
Which geographical feature influences the vineyards of Basilicata?
Mountains
172
Does Bolgheri permit their wines to be made entirely from international grape varieties?
yes.
173
Which appellations come from which regions in southern Italy?
Fiano di avellino > campania; etna > sicily; Salice Salentino > puglia; aglianico del vulture > basilicata.
174
When can Brunello di Montalcino be released for sale?
The january for the 5th year after harvest.
175
What grape variety is the region of Abruzzo known for?
montepulciano
176
Which appellation produces especially high quality wines from Aglianico?
taurasi
177
Which of the following is likely to come from the following appellations? A red wine with high acidity and tannins, and aromas of sour red cherries, cranberries, raspberries and dried herbs,
Etna DOC.
178
Which of the following is likely to come from the following appellations? A white wine with medium acidity, medium to full body and aromas of stone fruit, melons, and mango.
Fianco di avellino
179
Which of the following is likely to come from the following appellations? A red wine with medium acidity and tannins, full body and aromas of baked red and black fruit.
Salice salentino DOC
180
Which of the following is likely to come from the following appellations? A white wine with medium to high acidity, low to medium body and aromas of green apple, stone fruit and passion fruit.
Grecco di Trufo DOCG
181
Which factor does NOT have a cooling effect on Napa Valley?
Large lakes
182
Which AVAs have a reputation for premium pinot noir and chardonnay?
Russian river valley and los carneros.
183
What does AVA stand for?
American Viticultural Area.
184
Which Californian region includes Napa, Sonoma, and Mendocino counties?
North Coast
185
Which appellation is the most important in BC?
Okanagan Valley
186
In which Californian region is the climate mostly hot and dry, and irrigation widely practiced?
Central Valley
187
Which AVAs come from which states? Yakima Valley, Willamette Valley, Finger Lakes?
Washington, Oregon, and New york state
188
North of Sonoma County lies ____ county, which includes cool regions that produce aromatic riesling and Gewurztraminer, as well as warmer regions that produce full-bodied cab sauv, zinfandel, and syrah.
Mendocino.
189
What is the most widely planted black grape in California?
Cab sauv
190
What is the most planted grape in Willamette Valley?
Pinot noir
191
Which of the following Chilean sub regions come from which regions? Curico and Maule Valley.
Central Valley region
192
Which of the following Chilean sub regions come from which regions? Elqui Valley + Limari
Coquimbo region
193
Which of the following Chilean sub regions come from which regions? Itata Valley + Malleco.
Southern region
194
Which of the following Chilean sub regions come from which regions? Casablanca + San antonio
Aconcagua region
195
What are the characteristics of Carmenere?
Full bodied with black fruit and herbal aromas.
196
What Argentian grape variety is known for being medium body and acidity with intense floral perfume and flavors of stone fruit and melon?
Torrontes
197
What is the name of the current that has a cooling effect on the Chilean coast?
humboldt
198
Which Chilean wine region is cooled by morning fog and afternoon winds?
aconcagua
199
What do the following Chilean labeling terms mean in terms of where the grapes are sourced? Costa
wine grown in coastal regions
200
What do the following Chilean labeling terms mean in terms of where the grapes are sourced? Andes.
Made from grapes from in mountain regions
201
What do the following Chilean labeling terms mean in terms of where the grapes are sourced? Entre cordilleras
Grapes grown between mountain ranges.
202
In Argentina, what are the characteristics of Malbec?
Full bodied with rich black fruit aromas.
203
Which province in Argentina experiences strong desert winds that can be a challenge for grape growers?
patagonia
204
Which of the following is common in Chile?
organic viticulture
205
What are the most planted grapes in the Elqui Valley?
Sauvignon blanc and syrah.
206
The Gironde estuary split the Bordeaux into left and right bank. Where would you expect cab sauv on the left or right bank?
Left bank.
207
Which appellation is most popular for producing cab sauv?
Haut medoc
208
What is the most famously planted grape on right bank in bordeaux? Second most planted?
Merlot; can franc
209
What accurately describes the left bank in bordeaux?
The soil contains a lot of gravel which can be beneficial for ripening.
210
Is Cab sauv a thin or thick skinned grape?
thick skinned grape
211
Given that the grapes are thick skinned. Would you expect the colors, flavors, and tannins to be light or pronounced?
Pronounced
212
Is cab sauv early or late ripening.
Late ripening
213
Name the flavors and aromas most commonly associated with cab sauv from left bank.
Herbaceous, bramble, and black currant.
214
Is cab sauv suitable for aging?
yes
215
Cab sauv is often removed from its stems prior to crushing. Why is this?
Their stems can often give the wine an astringent quality.
216
At what temperature range is cab sauv usually fermented?
78-86 F
217
Is cab sauv suitable for aging in new oak?
yes
218
Why might a winemaker choose to blend with merlot?
Soften tannins, balance the intense flavors, and add some more fruity characteristics.
219
What other options are chosen as blending grapes to cab sauv?
Syrah, cab franc, sangiovese, tempranillo.
220
What characteristics are to be expected from a cab sauv wine when the grapes are grown in Spain vs Bordeaux?
Deeper color and more alcoholic.
221
Match the tasting notes.The wine is deep garnet. It has medium(+) aromas of ripe blackcurrant, black plum, black cherry, vanilla and tobacco, and is developing. It is dry with high acidity, medium (+) tannin, high alcohol and full body. It has a medium (+) flavour intensity and long finish. The wine is very good quality and can be drunk now but has potential for ageing
Aconcagua cab sauv
222
Match the tasting notes. The wine is deep garnet. It has pronounced aromas of blackcurrant, bramble, toast, cedar and leather, and is developing. It is dry with high acidity, high tannin, medium alcohol and full body. It has a pronounced flavour intensity and long finish. The wine is outstanding quality and can be drunk now but has potential for ageing
Bordeaux cab sauv
223
What does WO stand for in South Africa?
wine of origin
224
What is a blend of Pinotage and international black grape varieties?
a cape blend
225
Vin de constance is a sweet wine made from what late harvest grapes?
Muscat
226
What is colombard commonly used for in south Africa?
Brandy production
227
What region is known for producing old vine Chenin blanc and high quality syrah?
swartland
228
What is the most widely planted black grape in south africa?
cab sauv
229
What is the name of the cooling effect on the western cape region?
bENGUELA
230
What is the name of the strong south easterly summer wine?
Cape Doctor
231
The districts of worcester and robertson belong to which region?
breede river valley
232
What best describes pinotage made from old bush vines?
Full bodied with rich, spiced, berry aromas.
233
Which black grape variety is best suited for Australias hot regions?
Grenache
234
Which regions are located in which zones? NSW
hunter valley
235
Which regions are located in which zones? Goulburn Valley
Victoria
236
Which regions are located in which zones? margaret river
western australia
237
Which regions are located in which zones? Barossa Valley
South Australia
238
Which aromas and flavors are expected from aged Hunter Valley Semillion?
Toast, nuts, and honey
239
What is the name of the river that helps moderate temperatures in the inland vineyard areas?
Murray river
240
What effect can the smoke from bush fires have on the final wine?
tainted flavors in wine
241
Which aromas and flavors are expected from Coonawarra cab sauv?
cassis and eucalyptus
242
Which region is known for experiencing hot, humid climate and unsettled weather at harvest?
Hunter Valley
243
What’s the correct order of GI terms in Australia from largest to smallest?
zones, regions, and sub regions
244
Which zone has a cool maritime climate?
tasmania
245
Which of the following regions are well known for sparkling wines?
Yarra Valley and Adelaide Hills.
246
Why are many New Zealand vineyards on the east side of the islands?
To protect against excessive rainfall from the prevailing west winds.
247
Overall, what is the climate of New Zealand?
maritime
248
On the south Island, what is the name of the mountain range that protects the vineyards from the excessive rains and strong westerly winds?
southern alps
249
What are the characteristics of typical sauvignon blanc from the southern island.
High acidity with herbaceous aromas.
250
Match the wine styles with the vineyards area they are most likely to come from in New Zealand. High acidity sauvignon blanc with pronounced herbaceous character
malborough
251
Match the wine styles with the vineyards area they are most likely to come from in New Zealand. Bordeaux style blend of cab + merlot with notes of cassis
hawks bay
252
Match the wine styles with the vineyards area they are most likely to come from in New Zealand. Full bodied, juicy pinot noir with concentrated red fruit flavors and high alcohol.
Central Otago
253
Match the wine styles with the vineyards area they are most likely to come from in New Zealand. Chardonnay with ripe tropical fruit aromas with subtle hints of toast
Gisborne
254
Which region is the major centre for grape growing in New Zealand?
Marlborough
255
For a wine to be labeled with a registered GI in New Zealand, what minimum percentage of the grapes must come from what GI?
85%
256
Which grape variety accounts for the majority of plantings in Gisborne?
Chardonnay
257
Which vineyards areas in New Zealand come from the North Island?
Wairapa, auckland, and gisborne
258
Which vineyards areas in New Zealand come from the South Island?
nelson, canterbury, and central otago
259
Which vineyard area in New Zealand grows predominantly Chardonnay?
gisborne
260
In terms of a high volume, inexpensive chardonnay from south east Australia, which region would you expect this kind of wine to come from?
multi regional blend.
261
What are 3 notable super zoners for South Eastern Australia where most fruit for a high volume, inexpensive Chardonnay is likely to be sourced.
riverina, riverland, and murray-darling.
262
What are likely maturation options for a high volume, inexpensive south east australian Chardonnay?
In stainless steel vats and a small proportion aged with oak (either barrels or with staves/ chips).
263
Describe a premium Australian chardonnay.
A premium Australian Chardonnay would be more intense in color than one from Europe, but would still be lemon colored. The intensity on the nose would be more pronounced so would be categorized as pronounced. This wine would be dry with high acidity. The alcohol levels would be the same as the inexpensive chardonnay but the body would be full. The flavor intensity would be more pronounced with a long finish.
264
What are the characteristics of a young Hunter Valley semillon?
Color intensity: pale. Color: lemon-green; Aroma intensity: light; Development: youthful; sweetness: dry; acidity: high; alcohol:low; body:light.
265
On which vineyard sites are grapes for Grand Cru and Premier Cru wines likely to be grown in Chablis?
South-facing vineyards on the slopes of the river.
266
Describe a high volume, inexpensive chardonnay from Australia.
A high volume, inexpensive Chardonnay would have primary aromas of apple, pear, lemon, grapefruit, and flint. There will be no secondary or tertiary aromas. The wine will be the same pale lemon color, with light intensity on the nose. It will also be dry and the acidity level will be higher than the Australian Chardonnay. The body of this wine will be lighter. It’s likely to have pronounced flavor intensity and a medium finish.
267
Which appellation produces White Burgundy made from Chardonnay?
Puligny-Montrachet, Saint-Veran, and Pouilly-Fuisse.
268
Which wines are likely to be similar in terms of flavors and aroma characteristics?
mersault and montrachet.
269
Compare an Australian chardonnay and a Montrachet grand cru.
Montrachet would have more complexity than the basic Australian Chardonnay. The fruit flavors will be less ripe. The acidity will be higher. The Montrachet Grand Cru will be barrel fermented. This wine will be suitable for aging.
270
Which method of sparkling wine production involves disgorging the bottles into a sealed tank under pressure?
Transfer method
271
What is the cheapest production method for sparkling wine?
Carbonation
272
A sweet sparkling wine that is low in alcohol and has pronounced aromas of peach and grape is likely a description of which wine?
Asti
273
What is the minimum length of maturation required for vintage Champagne?
36 months
274
What is the key grape variety used in the production of sparkling Vouvray?
Chenin blanc
275
Organize the sparkling wines from dry to sweet.
brut nature, brut, semi dec.
276
Match the sparkling wines with their method of production. Inexpensive wines from australia, south africa, and USA
carbonation
277
Match the sparkling wines with their method of production. Prosecco, sekt, sparkling sauvignon blanc
tank method
278
Match the sparkling wines with their method of production. Crement d'Loire.
Traditional method.
279
Match the sparkling wines with their method of production. Pet nat.
ancestral method.
280
Which labeling term can indicate that the sparkling wine has been made using the transfer method?
bottle fermented
281
Which country produces traditional method wine often labeled Cap Classique?
south africa
282
What are the typical characteristics of Prosecco?
Medium acidity with green apple and melon aromas.
283
Which grape variety is used to make a dry sherry?
Palomino
284
Which style of sherry is sweetened with RCGM?
Pale cream
285
What aromas and flavors are expected from a tawny port?
raisins, walnuts, and coffee
286
Which australian region is famous for producing fully developed, aged muscat?
rutherglen
287
At what ABV is fermentation stopped during port production?
5-9%
288
Which type of vineyards is expensive and doesn’t allow mechanization?
Socalcos.
289
Which of the following statements is true about sherry?
Flor needs cool to moderate temperatures to thrive.
290
What are the characteristics of the muscat grape?
Orange blossom, grape, and rose.
291
Which type of port undergo a long period of oxidative maturation in pipes?
tawny with indication of age
292
In which town must manzanilla sherry be matured?
Sanlucar de barrameda.
293
Which aromas are classified as primary?
Mint, lime, apple, rose, mango
294
Which aromas are classified as secondary?
Cheese, coconut, bread, pastry, cloves.
295
Which aromas are classified as tertiary flavors?
Caramel, marmalade, tobacco, leather, and toffee.
296
Which aromas and flavors are most likely to come from which origins? Apple, lemon, lime
white wines from a cool climate
297
Which aromas and flavors are most likely to come from which origins? Butter and cream
malolactic fermentation
298
Which aromas and flavors are most likely to come from which origins? Ripe, jammy dark fruit
black grapes ripening in warm, hot conditions
299
Which aromas and flavors are most likely to come from which origins? Leather, forest floor
Bottle age in red wines
300
Which aromas and flavors are most likely to come from which origins? vanilla, cloves, smoke
oak maturation
301
Which aromas and flavors are most likely to come from which origins? hazelnut, coffee, toffee
deliberate oxidation
302
Which wines are most likely to display which aromas/flavors? Dried apricot, dried apple, honey?
mature sauternes
303
Which wines are most likely to display which aromas/flavors? bread pastry, bread dough
albarino matured on it’s lees before bottling
304
A young argentinian malbec is likely to be deep in color, while a mature Barolo is likely to be pale garnet. What factors account for the difference in color and intensity in the wines?
Age and grape variety.
305
Is alentejo found in spain?
No, it's found in portugal
306
What part of France is Gigondas found?
The rhone valley
307
where is Brouilly, morgon, and moulin a vent found in france?
Beaujolais
308
Where is saint julien and margaux found?
Bordeaux
309
where is cahors and madiran found?
South west france
310
where is saint veran, vougeot and volnay found?
burgundy
311
Which country is Rutherglen located in?
Australia
312
In which part of Italy is Verdicchio dei castelli found?
marche
313
In which part France is Monbazillac found?
Dordogne
314
Are the santa cruz mountains in chilie?
No, they're in California.
315
Where is Burgenland found?
Austria
316
Where is Santorini and Naoussa found?
Greece
317
Where is douro and bairrada found?
portugal
318
Where is toro and navarra found?
Spain
319
Where is Nemea found?
Greece
320
What regions are found in north island in new zealand?
south island and hawks bay
321
What regions are found in south island in New Zealand?
north island and central otago
322
Which country is the san antonio valley located?
chile
323
In which part of France is Saint Estephe found?
Bordeaux
324
Which appellation is paso robles found?
San luis obispo county
325
Which appellation is Russian rivery and dry creek valley found?
sonoma county
326
Which appellation is rutherford and howell mountain found?
Napa county
327
Which appellation is Santa maria valley found?
santa barbara county
328
In which part of Italy is Frascati found?
Lazio
329
Match the appellation to the correct region in Chile. Casablanca + Leyda Valley
Aconcagua region
330
Match the appellation to the correct region in Chile. Elqui and limari
coquimbo region
331
Match the appellation to the correct region in Chile. cachapoal valley + Maule valley
central valley
332
Where is Cafayate located?
Argentina
333
Sort the appellations into the correct region in France. The Loire valley
Bourgueil, chinon, and anjou
334
Sort the appellations into the correct region in France. The rhone valley
condrieu, cornas, lirac
335
Sort the appellations into the correct region in southern France.
Corbieres, fitou, and minervous
336
What part of Australia is the Margaret River located in?
western australia
337
Where is Franken found?
Germany
338
Constantian and the hemel en aarde wards are both located on the cape south coast - true or false.
False
339
In which France are montagne de reims, vallee de la marne, and cote de sezanne?
Champagne
340
In which part of Italy is Gavi located?
Piemonte
341
Uco Valley, Lujan de cuyo and maipu are all located in what part of Argentina?
mendoza
342
In which region is curico valley found?
Central Valley in Chile
343
Are santorini and sicily both islands?
Yes.
344
What is the soil in Rheinhaussen, GR?
slate
345
In which country is goulburn valley found?
Australia
346
Where are the Clare Valley, Hunter Valley, Eden Valley located?
Australia
347
Where are Gisborne, Canterbury, and Nelson located?
New Zealand
348
Where in Spain in the Rueda located?
The Duero Valley
349
Where in Spain is Valencia located?
The Levante
350
Where in Spain is the Valdepenas located?
Castilla La Mancha
351
Where in Spain is the Carinena located?
The upper ebro
352
Saar and Ruwer are tributaries of which river?
Mosel
353
What is the western cape in south africa?
An appellation producing varietal wines blended from different regions.
354
Which of the following ports is likely to need decanting?
vintage port
355
Which one of the following regions is in western australia?
Great southern
356
Which of the following ACs has a reputation for producing high quality white burgundy?
Puligny-Montrachet
357
Which one of the following regions is most important for the production of botrytised, sweet white wines?
Burgenland
358
Which of the following white grapes is most widely planted in NZ?
Sauvignon blanc
359
Old bush vines grown in hot, dry climate are a feature of which region?
Barossa valley.
360
Which of the following is not used as protection against spring frost?
Vertical shoot positioning
361
Which one of the following fortified wines uses toriga franca, touriga nacional, and tinta roriz blended?
Vintage port
362
A portuguese wine labeled DOC will be equivalent of white French labeling term?
AC
363
Which one of the following spanish wine regions produces aromatic white wines with high acidity of peach and melon from the verdejo grape?
Rueda
364
Which of the following can be done to enhance the influence of less aging on wine?
stirring the lees
365
Which one of the following regions has established a reputation for pinot noir?
Marlborough
366
Which one of the following Chilean regions is renowned for its white wine from Chardonnay and sauvignon blanc and its red from pinot noir?
Casablanca valley
367
Which one of the following grapes is used to make soave?
garganega
368
Where is most port matured?
Vila noca de gaia
369
Which one of the following best describes the style of wines of bandol AC?
Dry, high tannin, full bodied reds.
370
A bottle of white wine has small, clear crystals in the bottom. What are they most likely to be?
harmless tartrate crystals
371
Which of the following varieties is Lodi AVA most renowned for producing wine from?
zinfandel
372
Which of the following is a black grape variety?
Trincadeira
373
Wines from which one of the following appellations produces the highest volume of red wine?
crozes-hermitage AC
374
What is the main grape variety of Cahors?
malbec
375
What is a new vine variety produced from two vitis vinifera parents known as?
a crossing
376
The production of which of the following sparkling wines does not involve producing a still wine first?
asti
377
In red wine production, when are the grapes usually pressed?
after fermentation
378
Which of the following areas is located in Mendoza and has some of the highest vineyards in that province?
uco valley
379
Of the following methods, which can be used to make rose champagne?
blending red and white wines
380
The negroamaro grape is associated with which of the following DOCs?
salice salentino
381
In which pairing of bordeaux appellations is merlot the dominate grape variety?
saint emilion and pomerol
382
What does the term cotes de bordeaux refer to?
A group of lesser known red wine producing areas within the bordeaux region.
383
What does vendanges tardives mean on a label of wine from alsace?
A dry to medium sweet wine made from late harvest grapes.
384
Which one of the following best describes the general climate of south africa
hot mediterranean
385
Which of the following are reasons for blending wine?
Consistency, improve balance, and achieve a certain style.
386
Describe the sequence in which champagne is made.
Liqueur de triage, lees ageing, riddling, disgorging
387
Which of the following environmental conditions is not harmful to a wine in a bottle sealed with a screwcap?
damp and humidity
388
Which of the following is not associated with the wines of Tokaj?
agiorgitiko
389
Prosecco covers a wide range over which two italian regions?
veneto and friuli
390
What is pumping over used for?
extracting color from the skins of red wines
391
Which AVAs are located in sonoma county?
dry creek valley and alexandra valley
392
Which of mountain ranges protect the Rheingau region of Germany?
taunus
393
The palomino grape variety is mainly associated with which region?
jerez
394
Which of the following US AVAs is particularly noted for the quality of its aromatic rieslings?
finger lakes
395
Which one of the following is not a cru beaujolais?
saint julien
396
What is veraison?
The point at which grapes ripen
397
What is dornfelder?
a black grape grown in Germany
398
What is the process of removing yeast deposits from a traditional method sparkling wine known as?
disgorgement
399
