flashcards
Sunburn can lead to the development of bitter flavors in grapes. True or False
True
What are nematodes
Microscopic worms that attack the roots of the vine.
Once a vineyard has been infected with a virus, what are the options for eradicating the virus?
Dig up the vineyard and sanitize the land.
Why might a grape grower choose to trellis a vineyard?
To increase the amount of sunlight that gets into the canopy. To aid mechanization in the vineyard. To improve air circulation through the leaves and grapes.
What is another name of Guyot training is another name?
replacement cane
What equipment or techniques can help protect vineyards from spring frost?
Heaters and planting on slopes.
Is higher or lower density planting more suitable for a vineyard that is close to the coast and receives high levels of rainfall throughout the year, although the soil fertility is low.
Higher density planting.
Is higher or lower density planting more suitable for a vineyard that is inland in a hot region that receives very limited rainfall and has limited irrigation water available
Lower density planting.
Above what mean daily temperature does budburst usually start?
50 degree
What is the purpose of summer pruning?
To restrict the vegetative growth of the cine and direct sugar production to the grape.
What is the purpose of winter pruning?
To determine the number and location of the buds that will form shoots in the coming growing season.
What are some advantages of supporting biodiversity in the vineyard?
It provides habitats for predators of vine pests. It provides additional nutrients for vines. It captures CO2.
Which aromas and flavors result from deliberate oxidation?
Almond, caramel, toffee.
Which aromas and flavors result from fermentation or maturation in oak?
Cloves, coconut, and vanilla.
When the winemaking process is protected from the effects of oxygen, it is called ___ winemaking?
Anaerobic
Is the principal yeast involved in alcoholic fermentation tolerant of high level of sulfur dioxide?
Yes.
What challenges do winemakers face when using oak barrels?
They are expensive and they are difficult to clean.
What acid is used for acidification?
Tartaric acid
In red wine making, what is done right after fermentation?
Pressing
In what climates is sugar a problem?
Cool climates.
What yeast is used in commercial wine making?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
What kind of bacteria carry out MLC?
Lactic acid bacteria
Why might a winemaker choose to keep lees in contact with wine?
To add additional flavors and to add texture.
Can blending occur at any time during the winemaking process?
Yes.
What machine can speed up sedimentation?
Centrifuge.
What kind of filter is most likely used right before bottling?
A surface filter.
What harmless crystals form over time in wine?
Tartrates
Technical corks are only suitable for high volume wines intended to be drunk now. True or False.
False
What type of filtration can handle making cloudy wines clear?
depth filtration
Do chemical reactions with oxygen on the grapes occur slower at cool temps?
Yes.
What is enrichment?
Increasing the sugar levels by adding RCGM.
Which vessels are airtight and inert?
Stainless steel tanks and cement tanks with epoxy resin.
What is sedimentation?
Allowing deposits of wine to settle at the bottom.
What is fining?
Using a special agent to bond to the wine to clump together
What is filtering?
To physically remove unwanted particles of wine.
When does pressing occur in red wine making?
after fermentation
When does pressing occur in white wine making?
before fermentation
Which method of production is used in producing: Recioto della valpolicella? Sparkling Asti, Eiswein? Tokaji Aszu?
Recioto > using dried grapes ; Sparkling Asti > Stopping fermentation with a high dose of so2, then chilling and filtering out the remaining yeast ; Eiswein > frozen grapes ; Tokaji Aszu > noble rot grapes
In sweet winemaking, how can alcoholic fermentation be stopped?
By chilling the fermenting wine, by adding unfermented grape juice, and by adding a high does of so2
What steps can a winemaker take to encourage malolactic conversation in white wines?
Raising the temp of wine after fermentation and refraining from adding so2 after fermentation.
What flavors do orange wines exhibit?
Dried herbs, dried fruits, and nuts
What effect does carbonic maceration have on wine?
Creates fresher fruit profile
What is the purpose of cold maceration in red wine making?
To extract flavor compounds and to extra color.
What is the order of white wine making?
Crush, press, ferment, rack off gross lees, MLC, blend, package
What are some of the benefits of retaining some of the solids in the juice after crushing and pressing in white winemaking?
To add complexity and texture
At what temperatures does white wine ferment? Red wine?
54-72 Fahrenheit
At what temperatures does red wine ferment?
68-90 Fahrenheit
What process does carbonic maceration encourage in grapes?
Intracellular fermentation
What is the order of red wine making?
Crush, ferment, drain, press, blend, package
In what country is Gruner Veltliner the most extensively planted grape variety?
Austria
Weinviertel DAC is the largest vine growing area and the first DAC in Austria. It’s in the ____ region.
Niederosterreich region
What style of German wine is likely to be the ripest in style with more sweetness and body than others?
Auslese
What is the most important black grape variety in Germany?
Pinot Noir
Which grape variety in most likely to have a golden color and aromas of lychees, roses, and sweet baking spices?
Gewurztraminer
Which soil type is most common in Mosel?
slate
What is the subregion of Pfalz?
Forst
What characteristics are associated with each grape varietal in Alsace?
Muscat Ottonel - not very aromatic but produces a reliable crop. Muscat blanc a petits grains- aromatic but prone to rot
What is a white wine that has concentrated lemon and perch aromas with hints of white pepper?
Gruner veltliner from Wachau
What’s the most widely planted grape in Franker, Germany?
silvaner
Two regions in Pfalz, popular for their Trocken riesling.
Alsace and Wachau
What are the two most prestigious villages in Pfalz?
Frost and Deidescheim
What effect do the Haardt mountains have on the vineyards in Pfalz?
They create a rain shadow, making the area dry with risk of water stress.
What aromas would be characteristic of a young riesling from the Pfalz region?
Apple, lemon, peach, apricot, and melon.
In the production of a young Trocken riesling from Pfalz, explain the different wine techniques.
Early harvest > retain acidity, bottle ageing > allow complexity to develop, MCL > avoided, Fermentation in oak > avoided.
What techniques can be used to promote medium sweet to sweet German rieslings?
Allowing grapes to freeze on vein, including BA grapes, addition of sussreserve (not for high quality rieslings though), stopping fermentation early.
Compared to a young Trocken riesling, how would a Grosses Pfalz riesling compare?
A GG riesling would have more complexity, the fruit would be more pronounced, the fruit would appear riper, but the sweetness of the wine wouldn’t change.
Compare a young Trocken riesling, a mature Wachau riesling, and a young SGN riesling from Alsace.
A sweet, medium lemon wine, with pronounced a+F intensity, high acidity and full body > a young SGN riesling ; A dry, deep gold wine with pronounced A+F, high acidity and full body > Mature riesling from Wachau ; A dry, pale, lemon wine with medium A+F, high acidity, and medium body >young riesling from Pfalz
Describe a young Geurztraminer.
likely to be medium lemon, have pronounced flavor intensity, off dry, low acidity, high alcohol, full body, and pronounced flavor intensity.
Will the sweetness of a riesling change if cellered?
No
Describe a young riesling from Pfalz.
dry, medium in alcohol, pale lemon in color
Describe a spatlese from Mosel.
medium-dry, low in alcohol, medium lemon in color
Which appellations come from which regions in the Loire? Savennieres
Anjou Saumur
Which appellations come from which regions in the Loire? Vouvray
Touraine
Which appellations come from which regions in the Loire? Muscadet sevre et maine
Nantais
Which appellations come from which regions in the Loire? Pouilly Fume?
Central Vineyards
Does Montagny only produce white wines?
yes
What fermentation vessel is most likely used in Touraine to ferment sauvignon blanc?
Temperature controlled stainless steel tank.
What styles of Chardonnay are produced in Maconnais?
Chablis. Ripe peach and pineapple with toasty oak; concentrated lemon and high acidity.
Which AOC in Bordeaux is only permitted to make white wine?
Entre deux-mers
What grape varieties are grown in Burgundy?
Aligote and Chardonnay
Which rivers divide Bordeaux?
Dordogne and garonne rivers
Why are mid slope vineyards most desirable in Burgundy?
They are less prone to frost.
Which appellation in the valley of River Layon is known for sweet wine production?
Coteaux du Layon.
What gives muscadet its rich texture?
Spending time on lees
Which appellation is most likely used for medium sweet roses made from cab franc and cab sauv?
Cabernet d’anjou
What’s the order of sub regions in the loire valley from east to west?
Central Vineyards, Touraine, Anjour-Saumur, and Nantais
What can cab franc contribute to cab sauv ?
Vibrant fruit and floral notes
What is the order of bordeaux appellations from north to south?
Saint estephe, pauillac, saint julien, and margaux.
What is Cahors known for producing which grape varieties?
malbec
What is jurancon known for producing?
petit menseng
What is Cote de gascogne known for producing?
Ugni blanc
What is Madiran know for producing?
Tannat
What’s the climate of the Nantais?
Maritime
In addition to cab franc, what are the other grape varieties grown in the Loire?
Gamay and pinot noir
Which grape varieties prefer to be planted in stony or gravel soils?
Cab franc and cab sauv.
How might limestone and clay soils in Touraine affect the style of red wine produced?
Fuller bodied, more tannic
How might sandy soils in Touraine affect the style of red wine produced?
light fruity styles
Which aromas are typically associated with Gamay?
Cherry and raspberry
Where in Cote d’or are the fullest body, longest lived pinot noirs found?
Cote de nuits
Which grape variety is dominant in Beaujolais?
Gamay
Does beaujolais utilize strong oak flavor often?
no
When can a beaujolais nouveau be released to consumers?
The 3rd Thursday in November after the vintage
Does chablis produce pinot noir?
No
What is the style of wine produced in the Broilly and Fleurie cru in Beaujolais?
Lighter, more perfumed style
What is the style of wine produced in the Moulin a vent and Morgon cru in Beaujolais?
Higher fruit concentration and more age potential.
Which communes belong to cote de nuits?
vosne romanee, vougeot, and gevrey chambertin
Which communes belong to cote de beaune?
volnay, pommard, meursault.
What appellations are in Burgundy?
sanin veran, rully, pouilly fuisse, and givry
What appellations are in Beaujolais?
Broilly, fleurie, moulin a vent, and morgon
Which appellations are found in the Northern Rhone ?
Cote rotie, hermitage, condrieu, and cornas
Which appellations are found in the Southern Rhone?
Tavel, Lirac, Vacqueryras, and gigondas
Which appellation produces intense roses from grenache and cinsault?
Tavel
What are common grape varieties in southern Rhone?
Cinsalt, syrah, and grenache,
What is the only permitted grape in Northern Rhone?
Syrah
What effects do fermenting black grapes with viognier in the northern rhone have?
Color stabilization and extra aromatic intensity.
Do gigondas and vacqueyras make grenache blends?
Yes
What is the wind that is known in the northern Rhone?
Mistral wind
What does a typical red wine taste like in northern rhone?
Black pepper, medium to high tannin, black fruit aromas.
Which moderating influences are present in Minervois?
Altitude and cooling ocean breezes.
Which grape varieties make up a majority of production in languedoc?
Carignan, grenache, syrah, and mourvedre.
Which grape varieties produce higher quality wines in Carinena and Calatayud?
Carinena and Garnacha.
What best describes the climate of Rias Baixas?
Cooler and wetter with greater vintage variation.
How long must a gran reserva be matured in barrel?
18 months
What is the minimum period a red crianza is matured in barrel?
6 months
Group the Spanish wine making regions. Toro, la mancha, jumilla, yecla, valencia, rueda, valdepenas
Toro + Rueda; Valdepenas + La Mancha, Jumilla + Yecla + Valencia
With the exception of northwest spain, what is the biggest challenge grape growers face in spain?
lack of water.
Which of the following is a feature of Ribera del Duero?
High altitudes
What is the term used for a spanish wine produced by a single estate of high reputation, using their own grapes that have been vinified and matured on their estate?
vino de pago
What are the subregions of Rioja?
Alavesa, Oriental, and Alta.
What style of wine is typically made from Verdejo?
Light bodied white wines with medium to high acidity.
Which popular regions in France and Spain produce grenache?
Spain: Navarra + Rioja. France: cotes du rhone, southern rhone, languedoc-roussillon, provence.
What grape varieties are often blended with grenache?
Tempranillo, carignan, mourvedre, syrah, and cinsault.
Explain the features of the grenache grape.
Grenache is a thin skinned grape, late ripening variety that needs a warm climate. Therefore, the grapes are high in sugar, low in acidity. Overall, wines made from grenache are usually full body.
Explain a young, Spanish wine made from garnacha tinta.
The wine is medium ruby, has medium aroma intensity and is youthful. It has aromas of red plum, redcurrant, strawberry, raspberry and cherry. It is dry with medium acidity, low tannin, high alcohol and full body. It has a medium flavour intensity and medium(+) finish. The wine is very good and can be drunk now but has potential for ageing.
Are wines made from the garnacha grape age-worthy?
yes.
Explain the flavors of a Spanish Garnacha that has been aged for 2 years in oak.
The wine is medium garnet, has medium aroma intensity and is developing. It has aromas of red plum, redcurrant, strawberry, vanilla, smoke and leather. It is dry with medium acidity, low tannin, high alcohol and full body. It has a medium flavour intensity and medium(+) finish. The wine is very good and can be drunk now but has potential for ageing.
Which French regions are popular for producing the most famous roses?
Lirac, Provence, and Tavel.
Describe a southern Rhone grenache such as chateauneuf du pape.
The wine would be medium ruby in color, have medium acidity, full body, and have a long finish.
Name a wine region in Portugal that produces red wines.
Bairrada.
Which grape varietal is associated with which varietal?
Aragones + Trincadeira > Alentejo; Touriga Franca + Tinta Barroca > Doura; Jaen + Alfracheiro > Dao; Loureira > Vinho Verde.
Which region in Greece trains their vines in a basket like shape?
santorini
What are the five principal grape varieties of Duoro?
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Barroca, and Tinto Cao.
What is the minimum oak aging requirement for vinsanto wines?
2 yrs.
Which appellation is most likely to produce dry white wines with perfumed aromas of ripe citrus, stone fruit, and naturally high in acidity?
Santorini (Assyrtiko grape)
Pair the grape varietals with their regions in Greece.
Agirgitiko > Nemea; Xinomavro > Naossa; Assyrtiko > Santorini.
Name an IGP region of Southern Portugal.
Alentejano.
Which region in Portugal is likely to produce a red wine with delicate red fruit aromas, soft tannins, and high acidity?
dao.
What is the correct process for the ripasso method? Before it finishes fermentation, amarone is drained off the skins.
Unpressed amarone skins are added to volpolicella wine that finished fermentation. Yeast present on the grape skins ferment the remaining sugar in the skins. During fermentation, the amarone skins give more color, flavor, and tannins to the volpolicella wine.
What are the characteristics of dolcetto d’alba?
Medium to high tannins, deep purple color, and aromas of red cherries and dried herbs.
Which region produces a rich, full bodied, pinot grigio with ripe peach and tropical fruit flavors?
Friuli-venezia Giulia.
What is the main grape variety in alto adige and trentino?
Pinot grigio.
Which winemaking technique would you generally associate with the production of Amarone?
using dried grapes
Which traditional trellising method was commonly used in the north of Italy to encourage air circulation and minimize rot?
pergola
When can Barbaresco be released to consumers?
From the January of the 3rd year after harvest.
Match the appellations with the region in northern Italy.
Colli DOC>Friuli-Venezia Giulia; Alto adige DOC > Trentino- Alto Adige; Soave DOC> Veneto; Barbera d’asti >Piemonte.
Which moderating natural factors are present in the wine region of Gavi?
sea breezes and altitude
List the black grape varieties of italy and white grape varieties.
Black > barbera, corvina, nebbiolo, and dolcetto; white > garganega and cortese.
Is Nebbiolo an early ripening grape?
yes
Nebbiolo is a black, slow ripening grape. Please list the characteristics of Nebbiolo.
High acidity, high tannin, pale in color.
Which direction would nebbiolo be least likely to be planted on?
north-facing slopes
Which regions of piemonte are most famous for making 100% nebbiolo grapes?
Barolo and Barbaresco.
Is barolo or barbaresco at a higher altitude?
barolo
Would you expect the climate in barbaresco (with the influence of the river and lower altitude to be warmer or colder?
warmer
Do grapes ripen earlier or later in barbaresco compared to barolo?
earlier
Are wines produced in barbaresco fruitier or less fruity than those produced in barolo?
more fruity
Given the climate that nebbiolo thrives in, which of the following grape varieties is it most similar to?
pinot noir
What is the total aging time required for barolo? Barbaresco?
Barbaresco > 26 months, 9 in oak; barolo > 38 months, 18 months in oak.
Which black grapes are Puglia most famous for?
negro amaro and primitivo
Which grape variety is Tuscany most famous for?
sangiovese
How long must Chianti Classico be aged? Chianti classico reserva?
Classico > 12 months; reserva > 24 months.
Which geographical feature influences the vineyards of Basilicata?
Mountains
Does Bolgheri permit their wines to be made entirely from international grape varieties?
yes.
Which appellations come from which regions in southern Italy?
Fiano di avellino > campania; etna > sicily; Salice Salentino > puglia; aglianico del vulture > basilicata.
When can Brunello di Montalcino be released for sale?
The january for the 5th year after harvest.
What grape variety is the region of Abruzzo known for?
montepulciano
Which appellation produces especially high quality wines from Aglianico?
taurasi
Which of the following is likely to come from the following appellations? A red wine with high acidity and tannins, and aromas of sour red cherries, cranberries, raspberries and dried herbs,
Etna DOC.
Which of the following is likely to come from the following appellations? A white wine with medium acidity, medium to full body and aromas of stone fruit, melons, and mango.
Fianco di avellino
Which of the following is likely to come from the following appellations? A red wine with medium acidity and tannins, full body and aromas of baked red and black fruit.
Salice salentino DOC
Which of the following is likely to come from the following appellations? A white wine with medium to high acidity, low to medium body and aromas of green apple, stone fruit and passion fruit.
Grecco di Trufo DOCG
Which factor does NOT have a cooling effect on Napa Valley?
Large lakes
Which AVAs have a reputation for premium pinot noir and chardonnay?
Russian river valley and los carneros.
What does AVA stand for?
American Viticultural Area.
Which Californian region includes Napa, Sonoma, and Mendocino counties?
North Coast
Which appellation is the most important in BC?
Okanagan Valley
In which Californian region is the climate mostly hot and dry, and irrigation widely practiced?
Central Valley
Which AVAs come from which states? Yakima Valley, Willamette Valley, Finger Lakes?
Washington, Oregon, and New york state
North of Sonoma County lies ____ county, which includes cool regions that produce aromatic riesling and Gewurztraminer, as well as warmer regions that produce full-bodied cab sauv, zinfandel, and syrah.
Mendocino.
What is the most widely planted black grape in California?
Cab sauv
What is the most planted grape in Willamette Valley?
Pinot noir
Which of the following Chilean sub regions come from which regions? Curico and Maule Valley.
Central Valley region
Which of the following Chilean sub regions come from which regions? Elqui Valley + Limari
Coquimbo region
Which of the following Chilean sub regions come from which regions? Itata Valley + Malleco.
Southern region
Which of the following Chilean sub regions come from which regions? Casablanca + San antonio
Aconcagua region
What are the characteristics of Carmenere?
Full bodied with black fruit and herbal aromas.
What Argentian grape variety is known for being medium body and acidity with intense floral perfume and flavors of stone fruit and melon?
Torrontes
What is the name of the current that has a cooling effect on the Chilean coast?
humboldt
Which Chilean wine region is cooled by morning fog and afternoon winds?
aconcagua
What do the following Chilean labeling terms mean in terms of where the grapes are sourced? Costa
wine grown in coastal regions
What do the following Chilean labeling terms mean in terms of where the grapes are sourced? Andes.
Made from grapes from in mountain regions
What do the following Chilean labeling terms mean in terms of where the grapes are sourced? Entre cordilleras
Grapes grown between mountain ranges.
In Argentina, what are the characteristics of Malbec?
Full bodied with rich black fruit aromas.
Which province in Argentina experiences strong desert winds that can be a challenge for grape growers?
patagonia
Which of the following is common in Chile?
organic viticulture
What are the most planted grapes in the Elqui Valley?
Sauvignon blanc and syrah.
The Gironde estuary split the Bordeaux into left and right bank. Where would you expect cab sauv on the left or right bank?
Left bank.
Which appellation is most popular for producing cab sauv?
Haut medoc
What is the most famously planted grape on right bank in bordeaux? Second most planted?
Merlot; can franc
What accurately describes the left bank in bordeaux?
The soil contains a lot of gravel which can be beneficial for ripening.
Is Cab sauv a thin or thick skinned grape?
thick skinned grape
Given that the grapes are thick skinned. Would you expect the colors, flavors, and tannins to be light or pronounced?
Pronounced
Is cab sauv early or late ripening.
Late ripening
Name the flavors and aromas most commonly associated with cab sauv from left bank.
Herbaceous, bramble, and black currant.
Is cab sauv suitable for aging?
yes
Cab sauv is often removed from its stems prior to crushing. Why is this?
Their stems can often give the wine an astringent quality.
At what temperature range is cab sauv usually fermented?
78-86 F
Is cab sauv suitable for aging in new oak?
yes
Why might a winemaker choose to blend with merlot?
Soften tannins, balance the intense flavors, and add some more fruity characteristics.
What other options are chosen as blending grapes to cab sauv?
Syrah, cab franc, sangiovese, tempranillo.
What characteristics are to be expected from a cab sauv wine when the grapes are grown in Spain vs Bordeaux?
Deeper color and more alcoholic.
Match the tasting notes.The wine is deep garnet. It has medium(+) aromas of ripe blackcurrant, black plum, black cherry, vanilla and tobacco, and is developing. It is dry with high acidity, medium (+) tannin, high alcohol and full body. It has a medium (+) flavour intensity and long finish. The wine is very good quality and can be drunk now but has potential for ageing
Aconcagua cab sauv
Match the tasting notes. The wine is deep garnet. It has pronounced aromas of blackcurrant, bramble, toast, cedar and leather, and is developing. It is dry with high acidity, high tannin, medium alcohol and full body. It has a pronounced flavour intensity and long finish. The wine is outstanding quality and can be drunk now but has potential for ageing
Bordeaux cab sauv
What does WO stand for in South Africa?
wine of origin
What is a blend of Pinotage and international black grape varieties?
a cape blend
Vin de constance is a sweet wine made from what late harvest grapes?
Muscat
What is colombard commonly used for in south Africa?
Brandy production
What region is known for producing old vine Chenin blanc and high quality syrah?
swartland
What is the most widely planted black grape in south africa?
cab sauv
What is the name of the cooling effect on the western cape region?
bENGUELA
What is the name of the strong south easterly summer wine?
Cape Doctor
The districts of worcester and robertson belong to which region?
breede river valley
What best describes pinotage made from old bush vines?
Full bodied with rich, spiced, berry aromas.
Which black grape variety is best suited for Australias hot regions?
Grenache
Which regions are located in which zones? NSW
hunter valley
Which regions are located in which zones? Goulburn Valley
Victoria
Which regions are located in which zones? margaret river
western australia
Which regions are located in which zones? Barossa Valley
South Australia
Which aromas and flavors are expected from aged Hunter Valley Semillion?
Toast, nuts, and honey
What is the name of the river that helps moderate temperatures in the inland vineyard areas?
Murray river
What effect can the smoke from bush fires have on the final wine?
tainted flavors in wine
Which aromas and flavors are expected from Coonawarra cab sauv?
cassis and eucalyptus
Which region is known for experiencing hot, humid climate and unsettled weather at harvest?
Hunter Valley
What’s the correct order of GI terms in Australia from largest to smallest?
zones, regions, and sub regions
Which zone has a cool maritime climate?
tasmania
Which of the following regions are well known for sparkling wines?
Yarra Valley and Adelaide Hills.
Why are many New Zealand vineyards on the east side of the islands?
To protect against excessive rainfall from the prevailing west winds.
Overall, what is the climate of New Zealand?
maritime
On the south Island, what is the name of the mountain range that protects the vineyards from the excessive rains and strong westerly winds?
southern alps
What are the characteristics of typical sauvignon blanc from the southern island.
High acidity with herbaceous aromas.
Match the wine styles with the vineyards area they are most likely to come from in New Zealand. High acidity sauvignon blanc with pronounced herbaceous character
malborough
Match the wine styles with the vineyards area they are most likely to come from in New Zealand. Bordeaux style blend of cab + merlot with notes of cassis
hawks bay
Match the wine styles with the vineyards area they are most likely to come from in New Zealand. Full bodied, juicy pinot noir with concentrated red fruit flavors and high alcohol.
Central Otago
Match the wine styles with the vineyards area they are most likely to come from in New Zealand. Chardonnay with ripe tropical fruit aromas with subtle hints of toast
Gisborne
Which region is the major centre for grape growing in New Zealand?
Marlborough
For a wine to be labeled with a registered GI in New Zealand, what minimum percentage of the grapes must come from what GI?
85%
Which grape variety accounts for the majority of plantings in Gisborne?
Chardonnay
Which vineyards areas in New Zealand come from the North Island?
Wairapa, auckland, and gisborne
Which vineyards areas in New Zealand come from the South Island?
nelson, canterbury, and central otago
Which vineyard area in New Zealand grows predominantly Chardonnay?
gisborne
In terms of a high volume, inexpensive chardonnay from south east Australia, which region would you expect this kind of wine to come from?
multi regional blend.
What are 3 notable super zoners for South Eastern Australia where most fruit for a high volume, inexpensive Chardonnay is likely to be sourced.
riverina, riverland, and murray-darling.
What are likely maturation options for a high volume, inexpensive south east australian Chardonnay?
In stainless steel vats and a small proportion aged with oak (either barrels or with staves/ chips).
Describe a premium Australian chardonnay.
A premium Australian Chardonnay would be more intense in color than one from Europe, but would still be lemon colored. The intensity on the nose would be more pronounced so would be categorized as pronounced. This wine would be dry with high acidity. The alcohol levels would be the same as the inexpensive chardonnay but the body would be full. The flavor intensity would be more pronounced with a long finish.
What are the characteristics of a young Hunter Valley semillon?
Color intensity: pale. Color: lemon-green; Aroma intensity: light; Development: youthful; sweetness: dry; acidity: high; alcohol:low; body:light.
On which vineyard sites are grapes for Grand Cru and Premier Cru wines likely to be grown in Chablis?
South-facing vineyards on the slopes of the river.
Describe a high volume, inexpensive chardonnay from Australia.
A high volume, inexpensive Chardonnay would have primary aromas of apple, pear, lemon, grapefruit, and flint. There will be no secondary or tertiary aromas. The wine will be the same pale lemon color, with light intensity on the nose. It will also be dry and the acidity level will be higher than the Australian Chardonnay. The body of this wine will be lighter. It’s likely to have pronounced flavor intensity and a medium finish.
Which appellation produces White Burgundy made from Chardonnay?
Puligny-Montrachet, Saint-Veran, and Pouilly-Fuisse.
Which wines are likely to be similar in terms of flavors and aroma characteristics?
mersault and montrachet.
Compare an Australian chardonnay and a Montrachet grand cru.
Montrachet would have more complexity than the basic Australian Chardonnay. The fruit flavors will be less ripe. The acidity will be higher. The Montrachet Grand Cru will be barrel fermented. This wine will be suitable for aging.
Which method of sparkling wine production involves disgorging the bottles into a sealed tank under pressure?
Transfer method
What is the cheapest production method for sparkling wine?
Carbonation
A sweet sparkling wine that is low in alcohol and has pronounced aromas of peach and grape is likely a description of which wine?
Asti
What is the minimum length of maturation required for vintage Champagne?
36 months
What is the key grape variety used in the production of sparkling Vouvray?
Chenin blanc
Organize the sparkling wines from dry to sweet.
brut nature, brut, semi dec.
Match the sparkling wines with their method of production. Inexpensive wines from australia, south africa, and USA
carbonation
Match the sparkling wines with their method of production. Prosecco, sekt, sparkling sauvignon blanc
tank method
Match the sparkling wines with their method of production. Crement d’Loire.
Traditional method.
Match the sparkling wines with their method of production. Pet nat.
ancestral method.
Which labeling term can indicate that the sparkling wine has been made using the transfer method?
bottle fermented
Which country produces traditional method wine often labeled Cap Classique?
south africa
What are the typical characteristics of Prosecco?
Medium acidity with green apple and melon aromas.
Which grape variety is used to make a dry sherry?
Palomino
Which style of sherry is sweetened with RCGM?
Pale cream
What aromas and flavors are expected from a tawny port?
raisins, walnuts, and coffee
Which australian region is famous for producing fully developed, aged muscat?
rutherglen
At what ABV is fermentation stopped during port production?
5-9%
Which type of vineyards is expensive and doesn’t allow mechanization?
Socalcos.
Which of the following statements is true about sherry?
Flor needs cool to moderate temperatures to thrive.
What are the characteristics of the muscat grape?
Orange blossom, grape, and rose.
Which type of port undergo a long period of oxidative maturation in pipes?
tawny with indication of age
In which town must manzanilla sherry be matured?
Sanlucar de barrameda.
Which aromas are classified as primary?
Mint, lime, apple, rose, mango
Which aromas are classified as secondary?
Cheese, coconut, bread, pastry, cloves.
Which aromas are classified as tertiary flavors?
Caramel, marmalade, tobacco, leather, and toffee.
Which aromas and flavors are most likely to come from which origins? Apple, lemon, lime
white wines from a cool climate
Which aromas and flavors are most likely to come from which origins? Butter and cream
malolactic fermentation
Which aromas and flavors are most likely to come from which origins? Ripe, jammy dark fruit
black grapes ripening in warm, hot conditions
Which aromas and flavors are most likely to come from which origins? Leather, forest floor
Bottle age in red wines
Which aromas and flavors are most likely to come from which origins? vanilla, cloves, smoke
oak maturation
Which aromas and flavors are most likely to come from which origins? hazelnut, coffee, toffee
deliberate oxidation
Which wines are most likely to display which aromas/flavors? Dried apricot, dried apple, honey?
mature sauternes
Which wines are most likely to display which aromas/flavors? bread pastry, bread dough
albarino matured on it’s lees before bottling
A young argentinian malbec is likely to be deep in color, while a mature Barolo is likely to be pale garnet. What factors account for the difference in color and intensity in the wines?
Age and grape variety.
Is alentejo found in spain?
No, it’s found in portugal
What part of France is Gigondas found?
The rhone valley
where is Brouilly, morgon, and moulin a vent found in france?
Beaujolais
Where is saint julien and margaux found?
Bordeaux
where is cahors and madiran found?
South west france
where is saint veran, vougeot and volnay found?
burgundy
Which country is Rutherglen located in?
Australia
In which part of Italy is Verdicchio dei castelli found?
marche
In which part France is Monbazillac found?
Dordogne
Are the santa cruz mountains in chilie?
No, they’re in California.
Where is Burgenland found?
Austria
Where is Santorini and Naoussa found?
Greece
Where is douro and bairrada found?
portugal
Where is toro and navarra found?
Spain
Where is Nemea found?
Greece
What regions are found in north island in new zealand?
south island and hawks bay
What regions are found in south island in New Zealand?
north island and central otago
Which country is the san antonio valley located?
chile
In which part of France is Saint Estephe found?
Bordeaux
Which appellation is paso robles found?
San luis obispo county
Which appellation is Russian rivery and dry creek valley found?
sonoma county
Which appellation is rutherford and howell mountain found?
Napa county
Which appellation is Santa maria valley found?
santa barbara county
In which part of Italy is Frascati found?
Lazio
Match the appellation to the correct region in Chile. Casablanca + Leyda Valley
Aconcagua region
Match the appellation to the correct region in Chile. Elqui and limari
coquimbo region
Match the appellation to the correct region in Chile. cachapoal valley + Maule valley
central valley
Where is Cafayate located?
Argentina
Sort the appellations into the correct region in France. The Loire valley
Bourgueil, chinon, and anjou
Sort the appellations into the correct region in France. The rhone valley
condrieu, cornas, lirac
Sort the appellations into the correct region in southern France.
Corbieres, fitou, and minervous
What part of Australia is the Margaret River located in?
western australia
Where is Franken found?
Germany
Constantian and the hemel en aarde wards are both located on the cape south coast - true or false.
False
In which France are montagne de reims, vallee de la marne, and cote de sezanne?
Champagne
In which part of Italy is Gavi located?
Piemonte
Uco Valley, Lujan de cuyo and maipu are all located in what part of Argentina?
mendoza
In which region is curico valley found?
Central Valley in Chile
Are santorini and sicily both islands?
Yes.
What is the soil in Rheinhaussen, GR?
slate
In which country is goulburn valley found?
Australia
Where are the Clare Valley, Hunter Valley, Eden Valley located?
Australia
Where are Gisborne, Canterbury, and Nelson located?
New Zealand
Where in Spain in the Rueda located?
The Duero Valley
Where in Spain is Valencia located?
The Levante
Where in Spain is the Valdepenas located?
Castilla La Mancha
Where in Spain is the Carinena located?
The upper ebro
Saar and Ruwer are tributaries of which river?
Mosel
What is the western cape in south africa?
An appellation producing varietal wines blended from different regions.
Which of the following ports is likely to need decanting?
vintage port
Which one of the following regions is in western australia?
Great southern
Which of the following ACs has a reputation for producing high quality white burgundy?
Puligny-Montrachet
Which one of the following regions is most important for the production of botrytised, sweet white wines?
Burgenland
Which of the following white grapes is most widely planted in NZ?
Sauvignon blanc
Old bush vines grown in hot, dry climate are a feature of which region?
Barossa valley.
Which of the following is not used as protection against spring frost?
Vertical shoot positioning
Which one of the following fortified wines uses toriga franca, touriga nacional, and tinta roriz blended?
Vintage port
A portuguese wine labeled DOC will be equivalent of white French labeling term?
AC
Which one of the following spanish wine regions produces aromatic white wines with high acidity of peach and melon from the verdejo grape?
Rueda
Which of the following can be done to enhance the influence of less aging on wine?
stirring the lees
Which one of the following regions has established a reputation for pinot noir?
Marlborough
Which one of the following Chilean regions is renowned for its white wine from Chardonnay and sauvignon blanc and its red from pinot noir?
Casablanca valley
Which one of the following grapes is used to make soave?
garganega
Where is most port matured?
Vila noca de gaia
Which one of the following best describes the style of wines of bandol AC?
Dry, high tannin, full bodied reds.
A bottle of white wine has small, clear crystals in the bottom. What are they most likely to be?
harmless tartrate crystals
Which of the following varieties is Lodi AVA most renowned for producing wine from?
zinfandel
Which of the following is a black grape variety?
Trincadeira
Wines from which one of the following appellations produces the highest volume of red wine?
crozes-hermitage AC
What is the main grape variety of Cahors?
malbec
What is a new vine variety produced from two vitis vinifera parents known as?
a crossing
The production of which of the following sparkling wines does not involve producing a still wine first?
asti
In red wine production, when are the grapes usually pressed?
after fermentation
Which of the following areas is located in Mendoza and has some of the highest vineyards in that province?
uco valley
Of the following methods, which can be used to make rose champagne?
blending red and white wines
The negroamaro grape is associated with which of the following DOCs?
salice salentino
In which pairing of bordeaux appellations is merlot the dominate grape variety?
saint emilion and pomerol
What does the term cotes de bordeaux refer to?
A group of lesser known red wine producing areas within the bordeaux region.
What does vendanges tardives mean on a label of wine from alsace?
A dry to medium sweet wine made from late harvest grapes.
Which one of the following best describes the general climate of south africa
hot mediterranean
Which of the following are reasons for blending wine?
Consistency, improve balance, and achieve a certain style.
Describe the sequence in which champagne is made.
Liqueur de triage, lees ageing, riddling, disgorging
Which of the following environmental conditions is not harmful to a wine in a bottle sealed with a screwcap?
damp and humidity
Which of the following is not associated with the wines of Tokaj?
agiorgitiko
Prosecco covers a wide range over which two italian regions?
veneto and friuli
What is pumping over used for?
extracting color from the skins of red wines
Which AVAs are located in sonoma county?
dry creek valley and alexandra valley
Which of mountain ranges protect the Rheingau region of Germany?
taunus
The palomino grape variety is mainly associated with which region?
jerez
Which of the following US AVAs is particularly noted for the quality of its aromatic rieslings?
finger lakes
Which one of the following is not a cru beaujolais?
saint julien
What is veraison?
The point at which grapes ripen
What is dornfelder?
a black grape grown in Germany
What is the process of removing yeast deposits from a traditional method sparkling wine known as?
disgorgement
